Role of Higher Education in the National Innovation System

1. Role of Higher Education in the National Innovation System August 22nd, 2006 Prof Dr S Sohail H Naqvi Executive Director Higher Education Commission

2. Overview • HEC Mission • Key Areas of Improvement • Medium Term Development Framework • Achievements • HEC Core Strategic Aims • HEC Supporting Aims • Linkage to National Innovation System

3. HEC Mission “To Facilitate Institutions of Higher Learning to serve as an Engine of Socio-Economic Development of Pakistan”

4. Key Areas of Improvement • Access • Low enrollment in higher education • Quality • Poor standard of faculty and lack of training / capacity building • Low quality of teaching & research and lack of relevance to national needs • Poor governance of universities • Relevance • Minimal relevance of higher education to national needs

5. National Growth Trained Manpower Implementation Socio-Economic Development Plans Economic, Industrial, Services Infrastructure, Governance, Defence Government Human Capital Society Higher Education: Knowledge Base HEC Higher Education Fuels National Growth

6. Current Status, Challenges & Government Actions

7. Global Competitiveness 2005-2005

8. Gross Tertiary Enrolment Ratio In Selected Countries Percentage Pakistan Target 8% ?? Council of Higher Education, Turkey-Web Site

9. Researcher in R&D (Per million) 1990-2003 Source: Human Development Report 2005, UNDP, P 265

10. Tertiary Enrollment PercentageDemographic Challenge

11. HEC Strategy & Aims

12. Over-arching Approach • Simultaneous Bi-Modal Approach Required • Bottom-Up • Basic Health, Primary Education, Water …. • Top-Down • Higher Education • Technology Development • Industrial Linkages

13. QualityAssurance: Standards, Assessment, Accreditation InfrastructureDevelopment: Physical / Technological HEC Strategic Aims Faculty Development Improving Access Excellence in Learning & Research Relevance to National Priorities Core GoodGovernance & Management Support

14. Programs & AchievementsScholarships under Faculty Development • Foreign Scholarship Programs • Over 700 scholarships awarded • Scholarships awarded in key disciplines of economic importance • Engineering, Basic & Applied Sciences • Scholarships to Germany, France, Austria, Netherlands, Korea, and China • Fulbright Scholarship Program • World’s largest Fulbright program • 4 years funding for graduate study in US • Priority to fields relating to economic development

15. Programs & AchievementsScholarships under Faculty Development (Ctd.) • Post Doctoral Research Program • 100 scholars placed for 9-12 month scholarships abroad • Faculty Hiring • More than 250 foreign faculty participating • Over 100 under long term hiring scheme (1-5 years) • Indigenous Scholarship Program • Over 2000 scholarships awarded • HEC Approved Supervisor scheme • Current Deficiencies met through hiring of highly qualified faculty from abroad

16. Programs & AchievementsFaculty Development • Tenure Track • Adopted in more than 25 Public Sector Universities • In-Service Training • Short & long-term trainings on pedagogy, communication and computer skills, advanced assessment methodologies • 800 current faculty trained • 2,500 university teachers trained through Master training courses • Research Projects • Over 240 research projects approved

17. Programs & AchievementsImproving Access • Enhancing Enrolment • 40% increase in enrolment • 19% increase in Distance Learning Program enrolment • University Mega Development Projects • 5-7 year development vision of universities • Infrastructure, faculty, new programs

18. Programs & AchievementsImproving Access • Establishment of New Institutions • 13 new universities granted Charters • Improving University Residential Structure • New residential facilities to improve access to under-represented groups (particularly women) • Increased PhD Enrolment • 56% increase in PhD students • Supervisor:Student ratio less than 1:2 • Increased funding for research and investments in facilities & equipment

19. Programs & AchievementsPromotion of Excellence in Learning & Research • Enhancing Research Facilities • 20 Centralized Research Laboratories in major universities • Digital Library access to over 20,000 leading e-journals i.e. 80% of world’s peer reviewed content • Research Support • Over 240 research projects funded • International conference sponsoring • International Linkages • 15 collaborative research projects between Pakistani & British university departments • 35 new linkages to be launched soon

20. Promoting International Visibility • Pakistan Research Repository • Pakistan Journals Online • Curriculum Revision • 200 PhD thesis digitalized and uploaded • Over 60 subject curricula revised • Impact on Research Productivity • 60% increase in international publications from Pakistan in leading research journals since 2001 • 126% increase in university output since 2001

21. Programs & AchievementsRelevance to the Economy & Industrial Linkages • Focus Area Support • Engineering Sector • Department strengthening, central resource labs, software purchase • Biotechnology • Support: Bio-informatics, Proteomics, Stem-Cell Research, Plant Genomics, and Genetic Engineering • Health sciences • Development of personnel in Nursing & Medical Tech • Support: Pharmaceutical Sciences, Livestock and Veterinary Sciences and Food Technology

22. Establishment of Centers of Excellence • 6 new centers, 8 approved • Geographical Cluster-Based Support • e.g. Date Palm Research Center and Archaeology Center, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur; Mining Engineering Center, Mehran University • Fostering University-Industry Collaboration • Launch of 3 technology incubators • Matching grant for University-Industry Collaborative Projects • 20% industry and 80% HEC support

23. Programs & AchievementsQuality Assurance & Accreditation • Quality Assurance Agency • Quality Enhancement Cells • 10 Quality Enhancement Cells established • National Accreditation Councils • Development of uniform standards for MPhil/PhD programs • Course work obligatory at MPhil level • Publication in journals with impact factor • Refereeing of PhD thesis by at least two international experts

24. Standardization of 4 year undergraduate degree programs • Rating of Private Universities against Cabinet Criteria • Results published online and in print media

25. Programs & AchievementsGovernance & Management • Monitoring of Development Projects • Project monitoring and support cells in offices of Chancellors of Public Sector Universities. • Search Committee Process for Appointment of Vice Chancellors • Revision of Criteria for Appointment of Faculty Members • Criteria for Assistant, Associate and Full Professor level and promotion revised

26. Programs & AchievementsTechnological Infrastructure Development • University Computerization and Networking • ICT infrastructure, Computer Laboratories, LAN & WAN • Pakistan Education and Research Network • 60 universities connected • 155 Mbps International Internet Bandwidth • Intranet bandwidth of 50Mbps • Institutional internet bandwidth of 5 Mbps • Video conferencing, Voice-over-IP services • Satellite-based Internet Downlinks : Remote institutions and campuses provided with connectivity through 45MB downlink

27. Programs & AchievementsTechnological Infrastructure Development • The Digital Library Program • Providing access to over 30 Publisher databases • Over 20,000 full-text peer reviewed journals • Available to over 250 Universities and R&D organizations countrywide • Document Delivery Service through British Library collection of over 150 million items • Access to over 10,000 E-Books

28. Pakistan Research Repository • Consolidated Repository archiving intellectual output from Universities • Intellectual content output available online • Full text of over 200 PhD thesis, 650 in process of digitalization and uploading • Completed repository will hold all PhD theses published in Pakistan • International visibility through indexing by leading search tools, e.g. Google & Google Scholar

29. Mega Development Projects

30. Planned Mega Projects • Strengthening of Existing Universities • Perspective Plan • Targets • Doubling of Enrollment in 3-5 years • World Class Research / Academics • Responsiveness to Industry • Infrastructure Renovation & Development

31. University Vision Drivers • Physical Infrastructure (Student Enrollment) • Major Focus Areas • Faculty & Staff Development • Relevance of Programs • Quality Assurance • Promotion of Research • Industrial Linkages • Student Service Facilities • Diversify of Source of Funding

32. TARGETS- The Vision Document • 5, 10, 15 Year quantifiable targets for each driver • Succinct picture of current status of university • Expected future concept of what university aims to be in 5, 10 and 15 years • Road map for each institution/university for phase-wise development • Comprehensive planning required keeping in view our present situation and future targets

33. Strengthening Engineering Base • Critical to Defense • Has > 60% share in World Trade • Basis for Industrial Growth • Pre-requisite to sustained GDP Growth • Just Mobilink hired 1,000 professionals in 2005 • Severe shortage of Engineers for Telecom, Infrastructure, Energy, Petroleum, Minerals etc. Sectors • Innovation: Conversion of Ideas into Products

34. Focus on Engineering Education • Strengthening Existing Institutions • > Rs. 4 Billion Plan for NUST • ~Rs. 1 Billion each for Public Sector Engineering Universities • Total expected Rs. 3 – 4 Billion for each Institution • Focused Development of Engineering Laboratories, Institutes, Provision of Scholarships • Automotive Institute, Urban Planning Inst., Telecom Inst., Manufacturing Center, Laboratory support for Telecom, Engineering Design, Mining, Lasers, Petroleum etc.

35. Mega Projects • New Universities • 6 New Engineering Universities to be established in collaboration with • Germany, Austria, France, Korea, Netherlands, UK • Complement and support base of Engineering Universities and Colleges already in existence in Pakistan • Built at strategic sites close to local industry • Development of technology parks and incubators • MOU’s to be signed in 2006 • First University to be opened by 2008

36. Linkage to the National Innovation System

37. Knowledge Base for Economic Growth • Industry Involved in Curriculum Review • Encourage Internships • Funded Research • UNESCO Seminar on University-Industry Collaboration • Focus on Applied Research • Technology Incubators

38. Economic Development Support • Agriculture Sector: Food Technology • Univ. of Agriculture, Faisalabad • University of Karachi • Agricultural University of Sindh, Tandojam • Petroleum Sector (Geology & Mining) • University of Peshawar • University of Balochistan • Mehran University of Engineering & Technology • University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore • Automotive Institute, NED • Information Technology • IT Institutes • Institute of Telecom at Mehran University

39. Commercializing Research • HEC Study • Analysis of Indigenous R&D capacity • Identification of 2 Hubs • Faisalabad: Agricultural-Biological Research • Karachi: Herbal Pharmaceutical Research • Establishment of Technology Incubators • Research/Industry Cluster

40. Intellectual Property Protection • HEC facilitating Patenting process for scientists • Online patent filing through secure online site • Idea/Invention assessed for Patentability • Evaluation by Committee of Experts • Recommendation on International/National Patenting • Cost of patenting will be met by the HEC • Two patents in process for HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry

41. Conclusions • The landscape of Higher Education in Pakistan has changed • Universities strengthened to • Acquire knowledge • Disseminate knowledge • Creation of knowledge • Producing knowledge workers for the Socio-Economic Development of Pakistan