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Bellwork 11/2/15

Learn about the history of the cell, the discovery of cells through microscopes, and the different types of cells. Complete lab activities and scientific sketching exercises to further understand prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

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Bellwork 11/2/15

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  1. On Desk: -Planner -Pen/Pencil -IAN Bellwork 11/2/15 1.What is a cell? A cell is the basic unit (building block) of an organism. 2. What is the largest known cell? The largest know cell is the ostrich egg. 3

  2. Materials: -scissors -glue stick -Highlighter Cell Theory Update your Table on contents

  3. History of the Cell • The Cell • The basic unit of an organism • The discovery of the cell was made possible by the invention of the microscope.

  4. Glue in your scientists! Anton van Leeuwenhoek Robert Hooke

  5. Microscopes and Cells • 1600’s- Anton van Leeuwenhoek first described living cells as seen through a simplemicroscope.

  6. Microscopes and Cells • Robert Hooke used the first compound microscope to view thinly sliced cork cells. • Compound scopes use a series of lenses to magnify in steps. • Hooke was the first to use the term “cell”.

  7. Microscopes and Cells • 1830’s - Mathias Schleiden identified the first plant cells and concluded that all plants are made of cells. • - Thomas Schwann made the same conclusion about animal cells.

  8. Cell Theory- Foldable • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuJqqiATlqw Jot down some notes about Cell Theory on the back of your foldable as you listen

  9. On Desk: -Planner -Pen/Pencil -IAN -Glue Stick -Scissors Bellwork 11/3/15 1. What discovery is Robert Hooke responsible for? Robert Hooke observed empty spaces in a slice of cork and called them “cells”. 2. Who identified that all animals are made of cells? Thomas Schwann concluded that all animals are made of animal cells. 4

  10. Cell Theory 1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of organization of all organisms. 3. All cells come from other cells already in existence.

  11. Two Basic Cell Types 1. Prokaryote • Lacks internal compartments. • No true nucleus. • Most are single-celled (unicellular) organisms. • Examples: bacteria

  12. Two Basic Cell Types 2. Eukaryote • Has several internal structures (organelles). • True nucleus. • Either unicellular or multicellular. • unicellular example: yeast • multicellular examples: plants and animals

  13. Microscopes

  14. Update your Table of contents Prokaryote and Eukaryote Microscope Lab

  15. Lab- Prokaryote or Eukaryote?? Amphiuma- Liver Gleocapsa Scientific Sketching: -Attention to detail -Start with the big stuff and fill in the details. -Use a pencil to sketch lightly, darken as you fill in the details. -Draw your sketch to scale! -Draw your sketch to scale! -Use the highest power Bacteria (three forms) Euglena

  16. On Desk: -Planner -PENCIL -IAN -Scissors Bellwork 11/4/15 1. Draw a picture of a prokaryote (based on the definition in your IAN). 2. Draw a eukaryote (based on the definition in your IAN). 1

  17. Student Feedback Cards • Red- “I’m Stuck” • Yellow- “Getting it” • Green- “Good to Go” • Blue- “All Done” • Orange’ “YOUR name”

  18. Scientific Sketching: -Attention to detail -Start with the big stuff and fill in the details. -Use a pencil to sketch lightly, darken as you fill in the details. -Draw your sketch to scale! -Use the highest power

  19. Lab- Prokaryote or Eukaryote?? Amphiuma- Liver Gleocapsa Scientific Sketching: -Attention to detail -Start with the big stuff and fill in the details. -Use a pencil to sketch lightly, darken as you fill in the details. -Draw your sketch to scale! -Draw your sketch to scale! -Use the highest power Small- pink Red Bacteria (three forms) Euglena Small- pink Green

  20. On Desk: -Planner -PENCIL -IAN Bellwork 11/5/15 • Is Amphiumaa Prokaryote or eukaryote? 2. Is Gleocapsa a Prokaryote or eukaryote? 3. Is Bacteriaa Prokaryote or eukaryote? 4. Is Euglena a Prokaryote or eukaryote? 2

  21. Lab- Prokaryote or Eukaryote?? Amphiuma- Liver Gleocapsa Scientific Sketching: -Attention to detail -Start with the big stuff and fill in the details. -Use a pencil to sketch lightly, darken as you fill in the details. -Draw your sketch to scale! -Use the highest power Prokaryote/Eukaryote? Prokaryote/Eukaryote? Bacteria (three forms) Euglena Prokaryote/Eukaryote? Prokaryote/Eukaryote? Glue into Left Side of IAN when finished!

  22. Levels of Organization https://www-brainpop-com.sled.idm.oclc.org/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cells/ Did you know that you have 75 trillion cells that make up your body?! (that is thousands of times more than the number of people on the planet!)

  23. 5 Levels of Organization Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism

  24. A living system that has several organ systems that function together. Examples: Animals, plants, and bacteria Organism

  25. A group of organs that carries out more generalized set of functions. Examples: digestive system and circulatory system. Organ System

  26. Organs are two or more types of tissues that work together to complete a specific task. Examples: heart or stomach. Organ

  27. Groups of cells with similar functions. Examples: Connective (bone, blood) and muscle tissue. Tissue

  28. The smallest unit of life. Cells preform specific functions. Example: muscle cell or skin cell Cells

  29. Small Levels of Organization Foldable Inside Large

  30. On Desk: -Planner -PENCIL -IAN -PED -Colored Pencils Bellwork 11/6/15 1. What is the definition of a tissue? A tissue is a group of cells, found within an organism, that share similar functions. 2. What is the definition of an organ system? An organ system is a group of organs that carries out more generalized set of functions. 3. What organism are you going to use in your foldable? 3

  31. Small Levels of Organization Foldable Inside Large

  32. On Desk: -Planner -Pen/Pencil -IAN Bellwork 11/9/15 1. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? Prokaryotes lack internal structure whereas eukaryotes have several organelles. 2. What type of cells make up plants? Eukaryotic Cells 3. What type of cells make up animals? Eukaryotic Cells 4. What type of cells make up bacteria? Prokaryotic Cells 4

  33. Cell Organelles-Eukaryotic Cells

  34. Cell Parts • Cells – the basic unit of life • Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions. Analogy – City of Palmer

  35. A) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane Cell membrane • Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell. • Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins Analogy – Palmer city limits

  36. B) Cytoplasm Cytoplasm • Function: All cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus. (organelles + cytosol) a. Cytosol = liquid portion/non-organelles. • Structure: made up of fluid and organelles except for nucleus Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Palmer, except City Hall

  37. C) Nucleus Nucleus • Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA & RNA actions. • Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA Analogy – City Hall

  38. D) Nuclear Envelope Nuclear Envelope • Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus. • Structure: Double Layer of Lipids Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall

  39. E) Nucleolus Nucleolus • Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins. • Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA Analogy – Mayor Johnson of Palmer

  40. F) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA (chromatin) • Function: information on how to make proteins. • Chromatin – unorganized DNA (normal state) • Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before cell division • Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in the nucleus Analogy – The Laws or City Code

  41. G) Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER Smooth ER • Function: Transportation route for proteins. • Rough ER: has ribosomes • Smooth ER: no ribosomes • Structure: tubes and channels Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks

  42. H) Ribosomes Ribosomes Free Ribosomes • Function: Makes proteins. • Structure: small circular organelles Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.

  43. I) Vacuoles & Vesicles Vesicles • Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste. • Structure: small membrane-bound organelle. Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.

  44. J) Lysosomes Lysosomes • Function: packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell. • Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles Analogy – Recycling center

  45. K) Mitochondria Mitochondria • Function: Produces energy for the cell – site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse” • Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped. Analogy – Matanuska Electric Association

  46. L) Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus • Function: Packages, labels and ships proteins out of the cell. • Structure: Pancake-shaped layered organelle Analogy – Post Office

  47. M) Cytoskeleton Microfilaments Microtubules • Function: Provide support and structure for the cell. • Microfilaments • Microtubules • Structure: Tubules Analogy – Wood, cement, steel beams

  48. N) Centrioles (Animals Only) Centrioles • Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division. • Structure: Tubules Analogy – Palmer Jr. MS vs. Colony MS

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