The French and Indian War

1. The French and Indian War

2. Background • European countries were constantly fighting • European countries tried to control as much land and as much trade as possible

3. Triangle of Hatred • England • France • Spain

4. North America in 1750

5. Cause of War England and France were at war. The war was a clash between France and England over territory in North America. They also fought over who would control trade with western Indians

6. England, Colonists, and Indian Allies vs. French and Indians Allies 1754 - 1763

7. France England vs. Flag of England and Scotland Flag of New France • English “Redcoat” Regular Army • American Colonist Militia • Iroquois Confederation of Indian Tribes • French Regular Army • French Canadian Colonist • Many Indian Tribes including the Algonquin, Huron, and the Ottawa

8. England France Franc • Large Population (1,485,000) Small Population (75,000) • Organized Colonial Militias Few Troops in Canada • Colonies are Self-Supporting Relied Heavily upon Imports • Navy Controlled Trade Routes Smaller navy Defends Europe • 13 Separate Governments Single Colonial Government • Few Indian Allies (Iroquois) Strong Alliances with Indians

9. 1754  The First Clash In The Ohio River Valley English colonist came to the Ohio Valley and established the Ohio Company to trade with the Indians. The French built Fort Duquesne (In Modern-day Pittsburgh) to drive the colonist out. The French wanted all of the Indian trade to themselves!

10. A young Virginian, George Washington, led a number of men to deliver a message to the French demanding that they leave the territory.The demand was rejected by the French. • Washington returned to the Ohio Valley with more troops, attacked the French and built his own fort, Fort Necessity. • This started the French and Indian War! George Washington in his Virginia Militia Uniform. Notice the British red.

11. Fort Necessity was small and could not withstand a French attack so Washington was forced to surrender. Luckily for America this didn’t end Washington's military career.

12. England sends help to the Colonies Braddock Washington • Edward Braddock was a English General and led an army to take the Ohio Valley. They moved very slowly, building roads and bridges as they headed through the wilderness. • Braddock believed that fighting like the Indians was cowardly. He wanted to fight a European war in America. This led to his defeat. • Washington went with Braddock. He learned valuable leadership skills and that the British were not unbeatable in battle.

13. Braddock’s Defeat • Braddock moved too slow and was surrounded by the French in the wilderness • His European tactics failed him as the French fought using cover and hit and run attacks. Braddock was killed. • George Washington • Bravely ralliedsurvivors and led them back to Virginia • Although Washington once again lost, he considered a hero to the colonist • Braddock Defeated because …

14. HALFTIME!!! • Like a football game, the French and Indian war was a war of two halves. 1st Half • France used its Indian Allies to win victory after victory. • England only had its colonist as many Indians didn’t want to fight for the British. (as they had been mistreated by the British in the past) • The British and its colonist didn’t fight well in the forests and against the hit and run tactics the Indians and French used.

15. The British Take Quebec • Britain gets a new PMand then a new King • William Pitt and King George III • Pitt sent his best generals andtroops to fight in America • Pitt raised money to pay forcolonial supplies and troops • Gets the Iroquois Confederation of Indian Tribes to become Allies! • To win … • The British would have to capture French cities in Canada – Quebec and Montreal

16. The Treaty of Paris, 1763 • The war ends when England and France sign a peace treaty in Paris. • Britain gains all land from the Atlantic to the Mississippi River • France gives Louisiana (west • of the Mississippi) to Spain • France keeps only Haiti in the Caribbean and a couple of islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

17. American colonists forbidden to cross Appalachian Mountains.

18. Proclamation of 1763 • Proclamation of 1763 created tension between Britain and the colonies. • Britain placed additional taxes on the colonists to pay for defending the 13 colonies…this created more tension. • Indians traded with the British and the colonists, but regarded both as enemies. • Colonists migrated across the Appalachian Mountains anyway.

19. Results of the F & I War British: • acquired more land • became a world-wide “super power” • grew resentful of colonial “blundering” and the cost of defending the colonies

20. Results of the F & I War Colonists: • acquired land to expand • gained valuable military experience • found their first “American” hero…G.Washington • learned how to cooperate • began to think of themselves as “Americans”

21. Effects of War • England and the Colonists beat the French and ended their influence in North America. • The Treaty of Paris ended the War and gave England almost all of the French land, including the Ohio River Valley. • This war was very costly to England. The British decided to tax the Colonists to pay for the war!

22. Pontiac’s Rebellion • British government passed theProclamation of 1763 • The Ottawa Indians lead by a chief named Pontiac attacked British settlements to stop the loss of Native land and culture in the lands west of the Appalachians • The British stopped all settlementwest of the Appalachian Mountains including in the fertile land of the Ohio River Valley to stop the Pontiac Rebellion. • American Colonist were angry at this, they wanted to settle that land!

23. The French and Indian War… …was really the beginning of the American Revolutionary War

24. CHECK UP on your own. We will begin 15 minutes after the bell. 1) What document officially ended the war? 2) What year did the war begin? What year did the war end? 3) What was the French and Indian war also known as? 4) Which specific area were both sides fighting over? 5) Which Native American tribe sided with the Colonists? 6) The Colonists were fighting on behalf of who? 7) What were the two things the French and British were fighting over? 8) Who was the British General who failed in combat? 9) The Colonists were forbidden to move west of which mountains after the war? 10) Who emerged as a hero in the eyes of the Colonists? 11) The Colonists needed to capture which two French cities in Canada? 12) Name the new King who took over England. 13) Which 3 countries made up the triangle of hate? 14) The Regular English Army were know as _____coats. 15) _________ Rebellion was an attack on new Colonist settlements.