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9.2 Alexander’s Empire

9.2 Alexander’s Empire. The Rise of Macedonia. Macedonia is a G reek speaking region north of Greece shares some culture with Greece Has some different customs Philip of Macedonia Was a part of the Persian Empire When Xerxes was defeated became independent

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9.2 Alexander’s Empire

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  1. 9.2 Alexander’s Empire

  2. The Rise of Macedonia • Macedonia is a Greek speaking region north of Greece • shares some culture with Greece • Has some different customs • Philip of Macedonia • Was a part of the Persian Empire • When Xerxes was defeated became independent • When the King of Macedonia died his son was an infant • The other leaders elected Philip to become King • Strengthened his army • Used the phalanx, but with longer spears (pikes) • Defeated the Illyrians

  3. The Rise of Macedonia • Philip Conquers Greece • Now Philip turned to Greece • Tried diplomacy 1st • Attacked if they didn’t become loyal to him • Won a decisive battle vs Athens and Thebes (Alexander led the cavalry) • The conquered cities were allowed to keep their governments • Had to support Philip in attacks on the Persians and Asia • Philip was assassinated

  4. Alexander’s Conquests • Alexander becomes king • 20 years old • Taught by Aristotle • Dreamt of being like Achilles from the Illiad • Securing Greece • Some of the cities tried to revolt after Philip’s death • Alexander quickly crushed these • Burned Thebes to the ground to send a message • In 334 BC he took his army (30K foot and 5.5K horse) to Asia

  5. Alexander’s Conquests • World Conquest • Freed the Ionian cities from Persian rule • Conquered the cities along the Mediterranean like Tyre • Marched to Egypt where the Egyptians welcomed him (it got rid of the Persians) • Founded the city of Alexandria on the Nile delta • Marched back on the rest of the Persian Empire • Defeated the Persian king ()Darius III) in 330 BC

  6. Alexander’s Conquests • Kept conquering east • Afghanistan • India • His men wanted to go home • Finally turned back west after his favorite horse was killed • Alexander died of fever in 323 BC – many people think it was an assassin’s poison • His only son was too young • His generals divided his Empire • Egypt was taken by Ptolemy • This was the line that Cleopatra came from

  7. Alexander’s Conquests • A New World • Alexander founded cities everywhere he went • These cities were a blend of Greek, Asian and African culture • We call this Hellinism • Greeks call themselves Hellenes • Although his Empire only lasted a short time it had major impact on culture from Greece to Africa to India

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