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History of Hinduism

History of Hinduism. Rels 120 – 27 sep 2013. Ancient India 3500 to 1500 BCE. Timeframes within the history of Hinduism. Hinduism originated as an a ncient indigenous urban civilization in the Indus River Valley Harappa is the major population and trading centre. 2000-1300 BCE.

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History of Hinduism

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  1. History of Hinduism Rels 120 – 27 sep 2013

  2. Ancient India 3500 to 1500 BCE • Timeframes within the history of Hinduism • Hinduism originated as an ancient indigenous urban civilization in the Indus River Valley • Harappa is the major population and trading centre 120 - appleby

  3. 2000-1300 BCE • Migration of Indo-Europeans into Northwest India and the Indus River Valley • Aryan migration? Or Aryan invasions? • Aryan warriors http://www.flickr.com/photos/phoenixation/2902030468/ 120 - appleby

  4. Premodern Hinduism: the Vedic period 120 - appleby 1500 BCE to 500 BCE – the Vedicperiod • Composition of the Vedas • 4 books of hymns, prayers, mantras, rituals and devotional practices • Rig Veda(1500 B.C. and 1200 BCE) • Sama Veda(1000 to 500 BCE) • Yajura Veda(1000 to 500 BCE) • Atharva Veda(1000 to 500 BCE) • Transmitted orally for 2000 years; eventually recorded in written form in Sanskrit

  5. The Classical Era (900 BCE to 600 CE) Post-Vedic texts • Upanishads • Mahabarata • Ramayana • Bhagavad Gita • Puranas 120 - appleby

  6. Flourishing Hindu Civilization 300 to 1100 CE • Civilization flourishes • great empires, commerce, science, medicine, religion, literature, art • building of temples • devotion to holy texts and philosophers, saints and sages • time of prosperity and social stability – population approximately 42,000,000 120 - appleby

  7. Threats to Hindu India (900 to 1500 CE) 120 - appleby • Periods of foreign invasions and religious oppression • 700 to 1000 CE - waves of Muslim invaders • destruction of temples, palaces, cities, massacres of people • Raids – taking riches, amassing wealth • Political defeat of a local ruler – then reinstating him and demanding regular tributes • Military capture of territories; annex them to the invaders’ kingdom – Arab Muslims

  8. Invasions continue 120 - appleby 1000 to 1200 CE • Repeated raids by Turkish Muslims • ruthless destruction of homes, temples • massacres and slaughter of prisoners • 20 million Indians killed • invaders seeking to convert Hindus to Islam

  9. Mongol Invasions Timeframe 1200 to 1600 CE • Mongol empire established by Genghis Khan (from Mongolia, 1162 to 1227 CE) included parts of India • 1500 CE – Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion 120 - appleby

  10. Foreign Rule and Colonization 120 - appleby • British Colonial movement • Begins with British East India Company sending merchants to India in the early 1600s • Establishing trade, developing fortified trading posts and private armies • Established treaties and alliances, pitting rivals against each other – interference in local politics • India was ruled as a British colony from 1850 to 1947 CE– British military control of rail and road systems • The British Empire was headed by the British Crown – Queen Victoria (1819 to 1901 CE)

  11. Indian Nationalism Movements 120 - appleby Under British colonial rule: • British regarded themselves as superior in race and civilization to the Indians • Prevalence of poverty, famine and oppression • taxes that should have supported the people were remitted to England • Others utilizing conflict; goal of political and cultural independence • Some reforms initiated by the British, but not in support of the Indian people

  12. Epitomized by Gandhi’s [1869 to 1948 CE] nonviolent resistance • Emergence of Indian independence movement – many using nonviolence [ahimsa] 120 - appleby

  13. Modern Independent India(1947 to present time) 120 - appleby • 1947– Britain withdrew from India – gave up colonial rule • two independent states were established • Pakistan emerged as a state for Muslims • India emerged as a state for Hindus and Sikhs • many independence workers, including Gandhi, were devastated by the partition – Gandhi was assassinated by one such Hindu in 1948 • 1947 to present time– modern India – a secular democratic government

  14. Ancient India / Modern India 120 - appleby

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