1 / 20

Chapter 22 Notes, part I

Chapter 22 Notes, part I. Organic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Chemistry of carbon containing compounds is organic chemistry . The name is derived from the fact that early scientists thought carbon compounds could only be synthesized by organisms. Hydrocarbons.

havard
Download Presentation

Chapter 22 Notes, part I

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 22 Notes, part I Organic Chemistry

  2. Organic Chemistry • Chemistry of carbon containing compounds is organic chemistry. • The name is derived from the fact that early scientists thought carbon compounds could only be synthesized by organisms.

  3. Hydrocarbons • Organic chemistry centers around hydrocarbons—compounds made of carbon and hydrogen only. • Hydrocarbons are found all around us, especially in the petroleum industry.

  4. Alkanes • Alkanes are hydrocarbons where all the carbons are attached to each other with single bonds. • A straight chain alkane has all carbons in a row (no branches).

  5. Naming straight chain alkanes • Ten prefixes are needed for naming most common alkanes: Meth- =1 hex- =6 Eth- =2 hept- =7 Prop- =3 oct- =8 But- =4 non- =9 Pent- =5 dec- =10

  6. Naming straight chain alkanes • First, count the number of carbons in the chain. • Second, start the name with the prefix for that many carbons and end it in –ane.

  7. Branch chain alkanes and alkyl groups • Not all alkanes are in a straight line! • Anything that is attached where hydrogen is usually located is called a substituent. A hydrocarbon substituent is called an alkyl group.

  8. Name Formula Structure • Methane CH4 • Ethane C2H6 • Propane C3H8 • Butane C4H10 • Pentane C5H12 • Heptane C6H14 • Hexane C7H16 • Octane C8H18 • Nonane C9H20 • Decane C10H22

  9. Naming branch chain alkanes • First, name the alkyl group coming off of the main chain. Give the prefix for the number of carbons, then end it in –yl. • Then name the main chain, ending just like before in –ane.

  10. Naming branch chain alkanes • If there is more than one place to put an alkyl group, you have to put a number before it to signify its location. • Number from the end that gives you the lowest overall number. • If there is more than one alkyl group, put a prefix to show how many there are (di, tri, tetra, etc.)

  11. Endings • Alkanes (all C-C single bonded parent chain) end in –ane • MethaneCH4 • EthaneC2H6 • PropaneC3H8 • Attached carbon groups (substituents) end in –yl • Methyl CH3 - • EthylCH3CH2- • Propyl CH3CH2CH2 –   3-ethylpentane

  12. Number the parent chain. • Number the parent chain so that the attached groups are on the lowest numbers Methyl is on carbon #2 of the parent chain Methyl is on carbon #4 of the parent chain 1 2 3 4 5 GREEN is the right way for this one! 5 4 3 2 1 • 2 • 3 7 8 • 4 5 6 8 7 6 2 1 5 4 3 • 2 3 4 5 6 • 7 • 6 5 4 3 2 • 1 Groups on 2 and 5 Groups on 4, 6, and 7 Groups on 2, 3, and 5 Groups on 3 and 6

  13. Name the attached groups. • Carbon (alkyl) groups • Methyl CH3 - • EthylCH3CH2- • Propyl CH3CH2CH2 – • Halogens • Fluoro (F-) • Chloro (Cl-) • Bromo (Br-) • Iodo (I-)

  14. Designate where the group is attached to the parent chain. • Use the numbers of the parent chain from step 2 to designate the location of the attached groups to the parent chain. 2-methyl 1 2 3 4 5

  15. Alphabetize the groups, combine like groups, and assemble. • The prefixes di, tri, tetra etc., used to designate several groups of the same kind • Prefixes are not considered when alphabetizing (Example: dimethyl = m for alphabetizing) • Parent chain goes LAST 1,1,1-trichloro-1-fluoromethane 1,1-dichloro-1,1-difluoromethane

  16. 2-methylpropane • 2,3,3triMethylPentane

  17. Draw Some Simple Alkanes • 2-methylpentane • 3-ethylhexane • 2,2-dimethylbutane • 2,3-dimethylbutane

  18. Structural Formulas • “Lazy” way to write the Hydrogens • Instead of drawing the bonds, just state how many hydrogens are attached • NOTE: The bonds are between CARBONS in a parent chain, and not hydrogens! Structural Formula Lewis Structure

  19. Order of Priority • IN A TIE, halogens get the lower number before alkyl groups 4-chloro-2-methylpentane or2-chloro-4-methylpentane?

  20. Order of Priority • IN A TIE between SIMILAR GROUPS, the group lower ALPHABETICALLY gets the lower number 4-bromo-2-chloropentane or 2-bromo-4-chloropentane ?

More Related