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Muscular System

Muscular System. Three Types of Muscle. ______________ ______________ ______________. Skeletal Muscle. Attaches to skeleton via _________, contracts to move _________ ___________ ___________ appearance. Smooth Muscle.

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Muscular System

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  1. Muscular System

  2. Three Types of Muscle • ______________ • ______________ • ______________

  3. Skeletal Muscle • Attaches to skeleton via _________, contracts to move _________ • ___________ • ___________ appearance

  4. Smooth Muscle • Found on the walls of ________ ________ and ________ (stomach, blood vessels) • ______________ • _________ appearance

  5. Cardiac Muscle • Forms the walls of the __________ • _____________ • ____________ appearance

  6. Tendons • Attach muscle to bone • Defined as ________ or _________ • When describing attachment sites, it’s common to state the origin and insertion of the muscle

  7. Origin vs. Insertion • Origin- usually attached to the ________ bone of a joint, typically not as ________ • Insertion- usually attached to the more _________ bone and typically more _________

  8. Origin vs. Insertion – Biceps Brachii • Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Short Head: Coracoid process of scapula • Insertion: Posterior border of the bicipital tuberosity

  9. Muscle Contraction • Muscles pull on bones to create ______________ • Contraction: Origin and insertion move __________ ___________ • Stretched: Origin and insertion move _________ from each other

  10. Muscle Contraction • Prime Mover: Muscle that creates a ________ __________(aka _________) • Antagonist: _________ muscle group • Examples of agonist antagonist pairs?

  11. Muscle Fiber Types • Divided into two categories based on how quickly they contract • ________ Twitch • ________ Twitch

  12. Slow-Twitch • Relatively large amounts of ___________ • Mitochondria: where __________ metabolism occurs • More __________ than fast-twitch fibers • Capillaries: Smallest ________ vessel that supplies blood to tissues, site of all gas and nutrient exchanges within __________________ system

  13. Slow-Twitch • Contract more slowly than _______ twitch • Lower ________ outputs, but more _________ and _________ resistant than fast twitch fibers

  14. Fast-Twitch • Subdivided into fast-glycolytic and fast-oxidative glycolytic fibers • Type IIX- __________ _____________ • Type IIA- _____ - _______ __________

  15. Fast-Twitch-IIX • ________ amount of mitochondria • _________ _________ for aerobic metabolism • ________ more easily than slow twitch

  16. Fast-Twitch-IIX • Vast amount of __________ capacity • Largest and _________ fibers • Produce the ________ _______of all skeletal muscle fibers

  17. Fast-Twitch-IIA • Possess speed, fatigue and force production capabilities somewhere ___________ Type 1 and Type IIX • Also called __________fibers

  18. Muscle Fiber Composition

  19. Muscle Fiber Composition • Typically an equal mixture of fast and slow twitch fibers • Influenced by _________, _________, __________ _________ • _____ play a role in sports performance • Power athletes high percentage of ______ twitch, endurance _____ twitch

  20. Muscle Fiber Anatomy • Fascia- Thin sheets of __________ tissue membranes – hold ________ fibers in place • ___________ • ___________ • ___________

  21. _____________ bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue _____________ Connective Tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers ____________ outermost layer of connective tissue

  22. Muscle Fiber Anatomy • Muscle fibers are made up of myofibrils (protein filaments) composed of a series of repeating segments called _____________

  23. Muscle Fiber Anatomy • Sarcomeres- made up of ____________ (protein filaments) - functional contracting unit of skeletal muscle – section between 2 _____________ • Myosin-_______ dark bands called _____bands • Actin- _____ light bands called ____bands

  24. Enlargement of a Sarcomere A __________ ________ Thick Myofilament _______ Thin Myofilament

  25. Muscle Contraction- Key Terms • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)– High energy _________ molecule used in muscular ___________ • ______________- A chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across synapses • Synapse – region of ______________ between neurons

  26. Muscle Contraction- Key Terms • Acetylcholine- most common _____________ in the body – located in the Central and Peripheral Nervous system • __________- used to expose binding sites on actin filaments • Troponin- ___________ muscle contraction from occurring when a muscle is at rest

  27. Sliding Filament Model • Explanation of how muscles produce ________ and ___________ • Myosin and actin filaments _____ past each other shortening the entire ________ of the sarcomere – draw Z-Lines closer together

  28. Sliding Filament Model • When _____________ is released from the Central Nervous System and detected, ____________ is released. • Calcium exposes __________ sites along the ________ for the __________ to attach. • If sufficient ATP is present, cross-bridges are formed and the _______ pulls the ________ toward the center, thereby shortening the sarcomere.

  29. Sliding Filament Model

  30. Examples of Sliding Filament Model • Sliding Filament Model

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