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Muscular System

Muscular System. Vocabulary. bi- two -ia condition of -lysis destruction, dissolve myo- muscle -plegia paralysis tri- three tendo- tendon para- lower half fasci- fibrous band Carp – wrist. ad- to, toward or near ab- from, away circum- around

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Muscular System

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  1. Muscular System

  2. Vocabulary bi- two -ia condition of -lysis destruction, dissolve myo- muscle -plegia paralysis tri- three tendo- tendon para- lower half fasci- fibrous band Carp – wrist

  3. ad- to, toward or near ab- from, away circum- around inter- between, among

  4. General Info • Consists of 650 muscles • Muscles are bundles muscle fibers held together by connective tissue

  5. Properties • Excitability • Ability to respond to a stimulus such as a nerve impulse • Extensibility • Ability to be stretched • Elasticity • Allows the muscle to return to its original shape after it has contracted or stretched

  6. ●Contractibility -Muscle fibers stimulated by nerves contract or become shorter and thicker which causes movement

  7. Types of Muscles • Skeletal • Attached to bones and causes movement

  8. Cardiac Muscle • Found only in the heart • Contracts to circulate blood

  9. Visceral Muscle • Also called smooth • Found in all internal organs

  10. Functions of Muscles • Attaches to bones to provide voluntary movement • Produces heat and energy • Helps maintain posture • Protects internal organs

  11. Tendons • Strong, tough, connective tissue • One way skeletal muscles attach to bones • Ex: Achilles →

  12. Fascia • Tough sheet-like membrane that covers and protects tissue • Ex: back

  13. Muscle Actions • Origin • End of the muscle that does not move • Insertion • End of the muscle that does move

  14. Muscle Movements • Adduction • Moving a body part toward the midline

  15. Abduction • Moving a body part away from the midline

  16. Flexion • Decreasing the angle between 2 bones or bending a body part

  17. Extension • Increasing the angle between 2 bones or straightening a body part

  18. Rotation • Turning a body part around it’s own axis

  19. Circumduction • Moving in a circle at a joint while the other end stays stationary

  20. Muscle Tone • State of partial contraction • Muscles have some tone at all times

  21. Atrophy • Lack of muscle tone • Occurs when muscles are not used for a long period of time they shrink in size and lose strength

  22. Contracture • A severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in a bending of a joint • Ex: Foot drop

  23. Diseases • Muscular Dystrophy • Group of inherited diseases that lead to chronic progressive muscle atrophy • Fibromyalgia • Widespread pain in specific muscle sites • S/S muscle stiffness, numbness, tingling, pain • Muscle Spasms • Cramps • Sudden involuntary muscle contraction • Strain • Overstretching of or injury to a muscle or tendon

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