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Wednesday 8/13/14

Wednesday 8/13/14. RAP Please list a few advancements of the Anasazi, Iroquois, and Cahokia societies? Do you think Native Americans have benefitted from European’s coming to the America’s? Why or Why not? Today: Review early Americans. Anasazi video.

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Wednesday 8/13/14

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  1. Wednesday 8/13/14 RAP • Please list a few advancements of the Anasazi, Iroquois, and Cahokia societies? • Do you think Native Americans have benefitted from European’s coming to the America’s? Why or Why not? Today: • Review early Americans. • Anasazi video

  2. Earliest Americans Ch. 2.1 pages 22-27

  3. Ch. 2.1 section assessment nomadic- wandering lifestyle sedentary- settled lifestyle egalitarian- people function as equals Beringia- land bridge connecting Asia to N. America Iroquois Alliance (also, Ganonsyoni)-5 groups formed together to protect each other. Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. Anasazi-an egalitarian society that were in the four corners area of NM, AZ, UT, & CO around 900 AD. Built roads, irrigation, built huge apartment complexes, and traded turquoise.

  4. Native Americans Before Europeans

  5. People first crossed into the Americas looking or following food. Looking for new hunting grounds. Scientists believe there could be many routes…land bridge, following the coast, or coming across through S. America The Iroquois formed a defense alliance to keep the Algonquians from killing them off. (Protection. Influenced Benjamin Franklin.) The Anasazi built apartment complexes whose size was not surpassed for centuries.

  6. Native American Reservations in Arizona As we go through US history think about the impact European contact had on Native Americans. Also, extra credit will be given out if someone would like to create a PPT on Native American life today. Can be given anytime throughout the semester.

  7. Anasazi Anasazi Mummy Cave Ruin in Canyon del Muerto, part of Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Arizona.

  8. Current Event Information • Sign up sheet on the board • Once a semester • Write a current event • Needs to be typed– 12 font • Summary: who, what, where, when, why, etc. • Opinion: your opinion, how it relates to class, and the impact on you • Present it to class • Need pictures or video clip to go with it. • You will share your summary and opinion with the class • You will need to answer questions from your peers on the subject. • Information is on my website!

  9. NOTES Three Worlds Meet: Ch. 2.2; 30-35 • Vocabulary • Western passage- direct western route to Asia—by pass Middle Eastern merchants who controlled trade • Conquistador – Spanish conquerors who had cruelly subdued the indigenous peoples of the Americas. • Indigenous- people who were native to the Americas when the Europeans arrived. • Introduction • Europeans Cross the Atlantic • Leif Eriksson • AD 1000, Viking landed in present day Newfoundland. • Sought new fishing grounds. • Did not stay long • Portuguese Dominance—Why?

  10. Thursday 8/14 RAP Read page 30 to the top of page 31—STOP at Europeans cross the Atlantic. --What do you THINK the reaction, by the natives in Hispaniola, might have been to Columbus and his men? Why? Today: Take PPT notes on Ch. 2.2 “Three Worlds Meet” add additional notes as you read the section at home. Review Ch. 2.2

  11. THREE WORLDS MEET CH. 2.2; PAGES 30-35 Objective: Explain European explorers’ motives in coming to the Americas. Understand Europeans first interactions with Natives. Describe why Africans were brought to the Americas. Understand the horrors faced by Africans during the middle passage and slavery. Popcorn read!!!! 

  12. New Inventions • Portuguese- heading around Cape of Africa-claiming Asian spice trade, direct trade in gold and enslaved persons. • Explorations last half of 1400s • Studied astronomy-works of Ptolemy of Ancient Egypt Improvements in technology: • Quadrant-improved measurement of star’s altitude—sailors could determine their latitude much more accurately. • Lateen–rigged caravel---vessel had triangle sails—improved sailing against the wind.

  13. Explorers

  14. Major European Exploration 1492-1550

  15. Spain • Conquest of Mexico and Peru • Columbus, 1492 set sail for Spain looking for direct western passage to Asia for spices. • Conquistadors- conquerors brought to the Americas to conquer the land and the indigenous. • Indigenous– people who inhabited the Americas. • Why? Looking for spices, but ended up mining for gold and silver, beginning plantations, and converting natives to Catholicism. • Hernando Cortes-1521-in a bloody battle over the Aztecs (Mexico) they conquered the people and land. • Francisco Pizarrosubdued the Inca (Peru) by1533 —they stole gold and silver from wealthy Inca. • Catholic Spain laid claim to Central & South America. “Here we come!” !Ready or not!”

  16. An Uneven Exchange Goals of Spanish: Convert and riches—gold and silver. Bartolome de Las Casas • Against enslaving Natives • Encomienda policy --- assigned a group of Natives to Spanish who provided labor for protection. • Repartimiento –adult males rotated their work in mines, factories, farms and ranches. Illustration

  17. RICHES • Profiting from forced enslaved Natives. • Mining silver • Millions of Natives died due to disease, forced labor, and brutality. • Horses gave Spanish conquistadors an advantage over the Natives. • Look at picture on bottom of page 33

  18. Cultural or Columbian Exchange

  19. Africans in the Americas

  20. Africans in the Americas • Why? • Labor intensive sugar, coffee, and tobacco plantations. • Before American slave trade, slavery had never been permanent and irrevocable—nor treated as sub-humans. • Denied the right of education, marriage, and parenthood, forced to pass on their slave status to their descendants. • European myth of inferiority

  21. Middle Passage • At least 10 million enslaved Africans • 6 out of 7 who crossed came against their will. • One of every 6 died on the journey

  22. Rest of the period • Please read thru chapter 2.2—Three Worlds Meet and add notes to your PPT notes. • Look at the pictures, maps, and illustrations and answer the questions below them in your notes.

  23. Friday 8/15/14 RAP • What was the Cultural or Columbian Exchange? • Give three examples of things brought from Europe to the Americas? Describe the impact of one. • Give three examples of things taken from the Americas back to Europe? Describe the impact of one. • What was the middle passage?

  24. MIDDLE PASSAGE • Simulation of middle passage • Reading from Roots • Clip from the movie Amistad Volunteers Needed!!!! 12 people….please 

  25. MIDDLE PASSAGEAMISTAD • Imagine you are an African on a ship to the Americas. • Think of what you might smell, feel, and see. • Excerpt from Roots. • Watch Amistad

  26. On the Slave Ship

  27. Capture in West Africa

  28. Slave Market in West Africa

  29. Hold of a slave ship

  30. Slave Rebellion

  31. In February of 1839, Portuguese slave hunters abducted a large group of Africans from Sierra Leone and shipped them to Havana, Cuba, a center for the slave trade. This abduction violated all of the treaties then in existence. Fifty-three Africans were purchased by two Spanish planters and put aboard the Cuban schooner Amistad for shipment to a Caribbean plantation. • On July 1, 1839, the Africans seized the ship, killed the captain and the cook, and ordered the planters to sail to Africa. • On August 24, 1839, the Amistad was seized off Long Island, NY, by the U.S. brig Washington. The planters were freed and the Africans were imprisoned in New Haven, CT, on charges of murder. Although the murder charges were dismissed, the Africans continued to be held in confinement as the focus of the case turned to salvage claims and property rights. • President Van Buren was in favor of extraditing the Africans to Cuba. However, abolitionists in the North opposed extradition and raised money to defend the Africans. • Claims to the Africans by the planters, the government of Spain, and the captain of the brig led the case to trial in the Federal District Court in Connecticut. • The court ruled that the case fell within Federal jurisdiction and that the claims to the Africans as property were not legitimate because they were illegally held as slaves. The case went to the Supreme Court in January 1841, and former President John Quincy Adams argued the defendants' case. Adams defended the right of the accused to fight to regain their freedom. The Supreme Court decided in favor of the Africans, and 35 of them were returned to their homeland. The others died at sea or in prison while awaiting trial.

  32. Amistad

  33. The Decision • Senior Justice Joseph Story wrote and read the decision of the Supreme Court. The Court ruled that the Africans on board the Amistad were free individuals. Kidnapped and transported illegally, they had never been slaves. • Although Justice Story had written earlier that ". . . it was the ultimate right of all human beings in extreme cases to resist oppression, and to apply force against ruinous injustice," the opinion in this case more narrowly asserted the Africans right to resist "unlawful" slavery. • The Court ordered the immediate release of the Amistad Africans

  34. Following its decision, the Supreme Court submitted this statement to the lower court where the case originated. • The statement indicated that the decision of the circuit court was in part upheld and in part reversed. • The part that was upheld related to the freedom of the Africans. • The part that was reversed related to Judge Andrew T. Judson's application of the Congressional Act of March 3, 1819. Judson's decision authorized the President to return the Africans to Africa. Ultimately, the abolitionists arranged for their return in early 1842.

  35. Closure on simulation • How was the clip of the middle passage different from your experience? • What should we take from watching this? • Do things like this still happen in the world today? Explain.

  36. Monday 8/18/14 • RAP • What did you like most about the clip from “Amistad”? • What did you like least about the clip from “Amistad”? • Do you have any questions about the movie?

  37. Closure • Describe the impact of exploration on Europeans, Americans, and Africans.

  38. Three Worlds MeetCh. 2.2: pages 30 - 35 • As you read this section I want you to take notes: either Cornell notes or outline notes. • Title your notes: Three Worlds Meet: Ch. 2.2; pages 30-35 • Make sure you add the vocabulary, important people, and questions to your notes. Three Worlds Meet: Ch. 2.2; 30-35 • Vocabulary • Introduction • Europeans Cross the Atlantic • Leif Eriksson • AD 1000, Viking landed in present day Newfoundland. • Sought new fishing grounds. • Did not stay long • Portuguese Dominance

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