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Interactive Multimedia

Interactive Multimedia. James D. Lehman Educational Technology Purdue University. Menu. CBI. Optical Media. Videodisc. CD-ROM. DVD. WWW. Interactive Video. Multimedia/Hypermedia. Computer-Based Instruction. CBI computer-based instruction CAI computer-assisted instruction CBT

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Interactive Multimedia

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  1. Interactive Multimedia James D. Lehman Educational Technology Purdue University

  2. Menu CBI Optical Media Videodisc CD-ROM DVD WWW Interactive Video Multimedia/Hypermedia

  3. Computer-Based Instruction • CBI • computer-based instruction • CAI • computer-assisted instruction • CBT • computer-based training

  4. Types of CBI • Drill and practice • Tutorial • Simulation • Instructional game • Problem solving • Other

  5. Advantages of CBI • Interactivity • Ability to individualize • Consistency of delivery • Motivation • Learner control • Administration • Cost effectiveness

  6. Limitations of CBI • Hardware requirements • Start-up costs • Limited intelligence of most software • Limited modalities (rapidly disappearing as a limitation due to multimedia)

  7. Typical CBI System CPU+Memory RAM ROM Display Monitor(Output) Floppy Disk Hard Disk CD-ROM/DVD(Mass Storage) Keyboard and Mouse(Input) MENU

  8. Optical Media • Laser videodisc • CD-audio • CD-ROM • DVD • WORM (e.g., CD-R) • Erasable/rerecordable (e.g., CD-RW)

  9. Advantages of Optical Media • Very large storage capacity • Inexpensive duplication • Long media life; no wear when playing • High data integrity • Capable of storing multiple media • Computer accessible MENU

  10. Videodiscs • Oldest of the optical storage technologies • When was the first videodisc and videodisc player invented?

  11. Videodiscs • The answer... • In 1926. Scotsman John Logie Baird, a pioneer in the development of television, created a system based on Edison’s phonograph technology that he called phonovision. However, the modern laser videodisc wasn’t developed until the 1970s.

  12. Videodiscs • Although the reflective laser videodisc is now the standard, there have been other types, including: CED (RCA), VHD (JVC), laser transmissive (Thompson), and laserfilm (McDonnell Douglas). These forms have all but disappeared today.

  13. Laser Videodisc Formats • CLV (constant linear velocity) • Long-play format, developed primarily for linear playback of movies, capable of 60 min. of video per side. • CAV (constant angular velocity) • Capable of 30 min. of video per 12” side. However, also capable of freezing still images. Format of choice for interactive video.

  14. CAV Videodisc Characteristics • 30 min. of motion video per side • 54,000 individually accessible frames • ability to freeze any still image • rapid random access to any frame • 2 - 4 audio channels • high picture quality • durable construction and long life • low cost per image

  15. Videodisc Players • All videodisc players today are capable playing both CLV and CAV format. • Most players today support bar code access to frames and motion sequences. • “Industrial” players feature a standard serial interface for computer control. • U.S. market is dominated by Pioneer and to a lesser extent Sony. • Prices ranges from $700 - $2000.

  16. Limitations of Videodisc • Videodiscs, while still useful and fairly widely used, have two flaws that ultimately will doom the technology: • They are an analog, not digital, medium which means they are not naturally computer compatible. • They are large (12” in diameter) in an era when the trend is toward smaller. MENU

  17. CD-ROM • Newer digital cousin of the videodisc and digital audio CDs. • Capable of storing up to 650M of data or the equivalent of a quarter of a million pages of textual information. • Today can store text, graphics, digital audio, and compressed forms of video.

  18. CD-ROM • Designed as a mass storage medium for personal computers. • While many are so-called hybrids (able to work with different PCs), CD-ROMs often are specific to certain platforms only. • Now accepted as one of the most popular ways to distribute computer software.

  19. CD-ROM • Players are now standard equipment on most PCs; player cost has dropped to under $100 for typical models. • The prerecorded medium itself is relatively durable, has high data integrity, and is very inexpensive to mass produce.

  20. CD-ROM • In addition to prerecorded CD-ROMs, recorders and recordable media (CD-R and CD-RW) have become economical and widely available for even casual users. • Large installed base should insure viability into the near future despite the arrival of DVD. MENU

  21. DVD • Emerging format that promises to replace both videodiscs and CD-ROMs in the future. • DVD discs are the same size as CD-ROMs, but first generation formats hold 4.7G or seven times the capacity of a CD-ROM. • Later versions may hold up to 17G on a single, double-sided disc.

  22. DVD • The first large-scale consumer application of DVD is feature length films (encoded in MPEG format) on CD size discs. • DVD-ROM players are now options on many personal computers. DVD recorders are now becoming economical options. • Conflicts over related standards have delayed acceptance of DVD, but, in time, it seems certain to take over. MENU

  23. WWW • The World Wide Web, or just WWW or the Web, supports multimedia using a hyperlinking format familiar to users of the MacOS or Windows. • First developed at CERN, the European physics research center, the Web has become so pervasive that it is synonymous with the Internet for many users.

  24. WWW • The Web offers a key advantage in distribution of interactive multimedia; users access materials without the need for media distribution channels. • Today, interactive multimedia on the Web is subject to bandwidth limitations, but these limitations will diminish over time. MENU

  25. Interactive Video • The use of a video delivery system in which the user has control over the presentation. • Most of the literature in the field relates to the use of laser videodisc technology, often under computer control. However, newer forms of multimedia may fit this definition as well.

  26. Levels of Interactive Video • Level 1 • player with remote control • Level 2 • special “intelligent” player • Level 3 • computer interfaced to and in control of player

  27. Interactive Video • Level 1 • A hand-held remote control device offer easy access to videodisc images. • A bar code reader makes it even more convenient to access images. Many textbook companies now include laserdisc bar codes in their school textbooks, especially in science.

  28. Interactive Video • Level 2 • Once popular in the training sector, but almost non-existent in traditional education. • An “industrial” model videodisc player has an on-board microprocessor. A program is encoded on the videodisc along with the video. This program permits rudimentary interaction and branching through the use of the hand-held remote control.

  29. Interactive Video • Level 3 • Addition of a computer provides the opportunity for a high level of interaction with the user. • Simple systems use two monitors and a connecting cable. Costlier systems use computer boards that permit overlay of the videodisc video on the computer screen.

  30. Two Monitor System Separate computer and video monitors

  31. Overlay (One Monitor) System Special overlay board MENU

  32. Interactive Multimedia • Generic term that denotes any system in which the computer is capable of controlling and delivering multiple media. • Most often today, the term is used to describe a PC-based system involving CD-ROM, DVD, or the Internet

  33. Hypermedia • A term that traces its roots to Vannevar Bush’s proposed memex machine. • The idea was translated into computer systems by Douglas Englebart and Ted Nelson. Nelson coined the term hypertext to describe an associational text retrieval system consisting of interlinked nodes. • Hypermedia extends the hypertext concept to multimedia.

  34. Hypermedia • Hypermedia is a form of interactive multimedia, but not all interactive multimedia is hypermedia. • Hypermedia is distinguished by interlinked nodes of information that may contain multiple media.

  35. Hypermedia • The first widely popular hypermedia software was Apple’s HyperCard. • Today, there are many hypermedia authoring tools available including: HyperStudio, Toolbook, eZedia, Director, and various web authoring programs.

  36. Hypermedia • Of course, the most dramatic example of hypermedia today is the World Wide Web. • You can find course information on the web at: http://www.edci.purdue.edu/lehman/edci663/intro663.htm MENU

  37. The End

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