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Budapest- Belle Epoque

Appr. 550,000 Hungarian Jews were killed in the Holocaust, most were transported to Auschwitz over a 2 month period (May-July 1944), 1000s of others were killed in the last days of the War by Hungarian paramilitary as Soviet troops battled Axis troops in the City of Budapest.

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Budapest- Belle Epoque

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  1. Appr. 550,000 Hungarian Jews were killed in the Holocaust, most were transported to Auschwitz over a 2 month period (May-July 1944), 1000s of others were killed in the last days of the War by Hungarian paramilitary as Soviet troops battled Axis troops in the City of Budapest. Laszlo Balazs’ father, stepmother, brother, all aunts->killed, Eva Rado’s father, mother killed. They married in Montreal, Canada in 1953 and had 3 children, Edward, Stephen and Thomas

  2. Budapest- Belle Epoque

  3. Budapest and the Jewish Population • 1900 • 20% Budapest Population – Jewish (only 5% of the total population of Hungary)- • By 1910 ½ of all doctors and lawyers,1/3rd of all engineers, ¼ artists and writers in Budapest->Jewish • 1912 Jewish Mayor • 1940- Approx. 500k Population in Budapest, Approx 825k Hungary

  4. Joseph II->emancipated, 1848- last name Breslauer, 1922->Balazs

  5. 1914-1940 • WWI- • Habsburg Empire • Brief Communist Interlude • 133 days of Communism- Bela Kun (jewish) • Fascism • Resentment Treaty of Trianon • 1st Fascist State- Admiral Horthy • Becoming Hungarian • Land claims- Romania, Croatia (Greater Hungary) • 9/1/39- Germans invade Poland- beginning WWI

  6. 1941-1945 • Axis- The War- 1941 Hungary joins Germany • 1942 Hungary conscripts Jews labor • March 1944- Nazi Occupy • July 1944 – Horthy stops deportations • October 1944- Arrow Cross • December 1944- Russian Siege- Budapest Liberated Jan. 1945 • Raoul Wallenberg- Swedish Diplomat saved 1000s including Laszlo Balazs and Eva Rado

  7. Forced labor camps

  8. 2002 Budapest Hungary

  9. Jewish Couple Budapest

  10. Arrow cross-Hungarian Nazis

  11. Jewish victims of the Arrow Cross

  12. Hero- Raoul Wallenberg

  13. Victims of Jewish Ghetto

  14. Arrivals

  15. 437,402 Jews from fifty-five Hungarian localities were deported to Auschwitz in 147 trains. Most were gassed at Birkenau soon after they arrived.

  16. Christmas and life at Auschwitz for the personnel

  17. The railroad system was stretched to its limits to keep up with the demand of the camp, where as many as 12,000 people a day were being gassed

  18. Auschwitz->350k+ Hungarians killed, 500k deported -More Hungarians killed at Auschwitz than any other Nationality -Last Days 1000s killed daily- crematoriums no longer viable -Mass trench executionsTotal deathsApprox. 500k of 800k Hungarian Jews -

  19. Deportation

  20. Child Tattooed at Auschwitz

  21. Barracks->Auschwitz

  22. Evidence Room-Auschwitz

  23. Some people later claimed the Holocaust is overstated because the crematorium couldn’t handle 12,000 a day—they’re right—the crematoriums weren’t used—the bodies were thrown in to pits and burned as a pyreKilling Fields-Auschwitz

  24. Crematoriums-Auschwitz

  25. Hall of lost families-Auschwitz

  26. Prague Synagogue-memorial.

  27. Auschwitz survivor, her two children and husband didn’t.

  28. Survived 2+ years in a Soviet POW camp—upon arriving home, found out that his 2 yr old child and wife were killed at Auschwitz- he hadn’t known they were even deported

  29. Legacy-Holocaust • Anti-Semitism was prevalent throughout Europe • Perpetrators were not only German • Far more perpetrators than rescuers • Average people commit horrendous acts

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