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La Belle Epoque [1871-1914]: “The Beautiful Era”

La Belle Epoque [1871-1914]: “The Beautiful Era”. Characteristics of La Belle Epoch. Materialism and hedonism(?) Higher standard of living  luxury Development “zones” Inner Zone  Br, Fr, Ger, Belg, No. It,W. Austria Outer Zone  Ire., Iberian Pen., most of Italy, Europe east of Ger.

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La Belle Epoque [1871-1914]: “The Beautiful Era”

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  1. La Belle Epoque[1871-1914]:“The Beautiful Era”

  2. Characteristics of La Belle Epoch • Materialism and hedonism(?) • Higher standard of living  luxury • Development “zones” • Inner Zone Br, Fr, Ger, Belg, No. It,W. Austria • Outer Zone  Ire., Iberian Pen., most of Italy, Europe eastof Ger. • Underdeveloped Zone  Afro-Asia

  3. A Sunday on La Grande Jatte—1884, by Georges Seurat

  4. Characteristics of La Belle Epoch • Increased European Population • Growth of Cities & Urban Life Paris Street, Rainy Day by Gustave Caillebotte

  5. 4. Migration from Europe 1850-1940  60 million left Europe Went to  US, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Australia/N. Zeal. 5. “Second” Industrial Revolution Steam  electricity Internal combustion & diesel engines. Cars, planes, submarines. Characteristics of La Belle Epoch

  6. Characteristics of La Belle Epoch • “Second” Industrial Revolution Britain  “The World’s Industrial Workshop” • Mass production. • Increased consumerism • Free Trade [esp. in England] • World Markets [Global Economy, Part II] • Advance of Democracy • Extension of the vote to the working class. • Creating a “welfare state”  Prussia

  7. Characteristics of La Belle Epoch • The Appeal of Socialism • By the 1880s, most socialist parties were Marxist [esp. Ger. & Fr.] • Not very successful in England. • Faith in Science Alone • Science at the core of industrialization. • “New Wonders” of daily life. • Charles Darwin • Origin of Species [1859] • “survival of the fittest”

  8. Characteristics of La Belle Epoch • Faith in Science Alone [con’t.] • “Social Darwinism”  Herbert Spenser • Eugenics • Newtonian Science turned on its head • Einstein  “Theory of Relativity”  nature & energy were separate & distinct. • Max Planck  Quantum Physics

  9. Characteristics of La Belle Epoch • Faith in Science Alone [con’t.] • Professionalization of “new” sciences [anthropology, archeaology,etc.] • Psychology • Ivan Pavlov  conditioned responses • Sigmund Freud  psychoanalysis • The Interpretation of Dreams [1900] • The role of the unconscious [the id, ego, super ego]. • Challenges Enlightenment

  10. Characteristics of La Belle Epoch Oscar Wilde’s tale of Freudian hedonism?

  11. Characteristics of La Belle Epoch • New Trends in Philosophy • Agnosticism • Nihilism • Friedrich Nietzsche –”God is Dead” • Übermensch  “Super Man” • Existentialism – man defines his reality • Sören Kierkegaard  existence proceeds essence • Internal Religious Struggles • modernists vs. fundamentalists

  12. Characteristics of La Belle Epoch • Anti-Semitism • Dreyfus Affair • Theodore Herzl  Der Judenstaat [The Jewish State], 1896 • “Father of Modern Zionism”

  13. 14. Women’s Movement Emmeline Pankhurst The “New” Imperialism 16. Militarism  glorification of war Characteristics of La Belle Epoch

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