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Contraceptives Review

Contraceptives Review. The Johnson County Health Department Tabitha Wagoner, Health Educator, BSE Mischelle Robertson, Health Educator, RN. ABSTINENCE is the only 100% effective method that protects against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Categories of Contraceptives.

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Contraceptives Review

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  1. Contraceptives Review The Johnson County Health Department Tabitha Wagoner, Health Educator, BSE Mischelle Robertson, Health Educator, RN

  2. ABSTINENCE is the only 100% effective method that protects against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases

  3. Categories of Contraceptives • Hormonal • Non-Hormonal • Emergency Contraception

  4. Hormonal contraceptives Review • Hormonal Contraceptives work by preventing the release of an egg from a women’s ovaries into the uterus. • Types • The Patch • Oral Contraceptives • Contraceptive Injections • Progestin-Releasing IUD • Vaginal Ring • Implants

  5. The Patch -Ortho Evra® • A small thin patch that is placed on the skin of the buttocks, stomach, upper outer arm, or torso. The Patch is replaced once a week for three weeks. The Patch is not used on the fourth week of the cycle. • Effectiveness: 92-99% • Prescription Required: yes • Cost: $30-40 for a months supply

  6. The Patch –cont. • Advantages: • Simple, convenient, and safe • Comfortable and discreet • Does not prohibit from certain activities (swimming, bathing, exercising) • Don’t have to remember to take a daily pill • Disadvantages • Offers no protection against STDs • May cause headaches, mood changes, bleeding between periods, breast tenderness • Exposure to higher levels of estrogen than with the pill, which may cause blood clots.

  7. Oral Contraceptives (Alesse, Micronor, Desogen, Mircette, Ortho Tri-Cyclen, Ovral, Yasmin, Seasonale) • Two basic types both of which are made of hormones: combination pills (progestin & estrogen) and progestin pills. The pills work by preventing the ovaries from releasing an egg and/or thickening the cervical mucus. This keeps the sperm from joining with an egg, and preventing fertilized eggs from implanting in the uterus. • A clinician will prescribe the level of dosage. Start the pill the Sunday following your period, take one pill a day until the packet is finished. • Effectiveness: 92-99% • Prescription Required: yes • Cost: $15-35 for a months supply

  8. Oral Contraceptives cont. • Advantages • Simple, safe, and convenient • More regular periods • Offers some protection against PID, non-cancerous breast growths, ovarian cysts, cancer of the ovaries, cancer of the lining of the uterus, troublesome menstrual cramps, iron deficiency anemia that is a result of heavy menses, acne, PMS, excess body hair and osteoporosis. • Disadvantages • Offer no protection against STDs • Must be taken daily • Temporary irregular bleeding, weight gain or loss, breast tenderness, nausea, changes in mood • Rare but serious health risks, including blood clots, heart attack, and stroke – women who smoke have an increased risk

  9. “Newer” options • Seasonale – Three month pill • Estrogen & progestin pill • Taken for 3 months straight followed by one week of inactive pills • Women have periods about 4 times a year • Must be taken daily • Similar risks to other birth control pills, however some women may have more spotting between periods

  10. Injections-DepoProvera ® • An injectable contraception which is injected every 11-13 weeks by your doctor. The injection is a long acting hormonal contraceptive similar to the female hormone progesterone. • The shot works by keeping the ovaries in a “resting” state so that eggs are not released. • Effectiveness: 97-99.7% • Prescription Required: yes • Cost: $30-75 for injections

  11. Injections-DepoProvera ® • Advantages: • Effective for 12 weeks • Very effective • No pill to take daily • Helps prevent some types of cancer and PID • Disadvantages • Offers no protection from STDs • Must receive injection every 3 months • No period- due to very little lining building up in the uterus • Possible bone mineral loss • Irregular bleeding patterns • Nausea, dizziness • May cause change in appetite, weight gain, headaches, depression, hair loss, nervousness, skin rash

  12. Progestin Releasing IUD- Mirena • A soft flexible plastic that delivers continuous small amounts of hormone directly to the uterus • Effectiveness: 99% • Prescription Required: yes • Cost: $175-$400 for exam, insertion, and follow up visit • Advantages • Can be left in place for 5 years • No pill to take daily • Hormones may reduce menstrual cramps • Extremely effective • Disadvantages • No protection against STDs • Requires an office procedure • Only women who have completed child bearing years should use this method

  13. Vaginal Ring- Nuvarings ® • A small, flexible ring that is inserted into the vagina for three weeks and taken out for the fourth week. It releases combined hormones that protect against pregnancy for one month. • Effectiveness: 92-99% • Prescription Required: yes • Cost: $30-35 a month • Advantages • No daily routine required • Does not require physician placement • Reduced menstrual cramps • Disadvantages • No protection against STDs • May cause vaginal infections, headache, weight gain, and nausea

  14. Implants – Implanon • A thin flexible plastic rod approximately 40 mm in length and 2mm in diameter that contains the hormone Progestin which prevents pregnancy by stopping ovulation. It also affects the mucus produced by the cervix which prevents implantation of a fertilized egg. • Inserted just under the skin on the inner side of the upper arm • Effectiveness: 94-99% • Prescription Required: yes • Cost: $20 a month • Advantages: Can be removed at any time. Lasts three years. Convenient and hassle free-once inserted you don’t have to do anything. • Disadvantages: Headaches, removal can be difficult if the implant has moved

  15. Non-hormonal Contraceptives review • Non-hormonal Contraceptives prevent pregnancy by providing a barrier against sperm or by interfering with sperm movement, or by creating an “unfriendly environment” for sperm. • Non-hormonal Contraceptives • Male Condom • Female Condom • IUD • Spermicides • Diaphragm & Cervical Cap • Vaginal sponge

  16. Male Condom • One of the worlds oldest and most popular methods of contraception. Comes in all sizes, colors, and varieties. This is the only contraceptive method that protects against STD’s and HIV/AIDS. • The condom is placed on the penis before it has any contact with the opening of the vagina, mouth, or anus. • Effectiveness: 85-97% • Prescription Required: No • Cost: free or $7 - $14 for a box of 12

  17. Male Condom cont. • Advantages • Allows men to take responsibility for birth control and protection from STDs • Has no side effects • Easy to obtain • Can be a reliable backup or second method • Can help relieve problems with premature ejaculation • Disadvantages • If allergic to latex, use polyurethane instead

  18. Male Condom Don’ts • Do not use oil based lubricants • Do not use a condom with an expired date of use • Do not unroll the condom before placing it on the erect penis • Do not flush condoms down the toilet • Do not leave condoms in hot places (cars, wallets) • Do not reuse the condom • Do not use more than one condom at a time

  19. Female condom • Made of polyurethane, it fits inside the vagina completely covering the vulva, walls of the vagina and cervix. • Effectiveness: 81-95% • Prescription Required: No • Cost: $2.50

  20. Female condom cont. • Advantages: • Provides added protection against all STDs • Can be used during a women’s period, • Can be used when a male partner can’t or won’t use a condom • Disadvantages: • Exact placement can be difficult and uncomfortable • Not as easily accessible as the male condom

  21. Non-hormonal IUD- Paragard • The intra uterine device is made of flexible plastic with fine copper wire wound firmly around it. The device is placed in a women’s uterus. • Because the copper IUD is toxic to sperm it prevents fertilization of the egg, or implanting of an egg in the uterine wall to create a pregnancy. • Effectiveness: 92-99% • Prescription Required: Yes • Cost: $175-$400/ exam, insertion, and follow up visit

  22. Paraguard cont. • Advantages • Nothing to be put in place before sexual intercourse • Can be left in for 10 years • Disadvantages • Spotting between periods • Does not protect against STDs and HIV • Must remember to check string once a month • Only women who have completed child bearing years should use this method

  23. Spermicides(foams, films, creams, suppositories) • Vaginal Contraceptive Films and Suppositories • Dry but melt when inserted into the vagina. Create a barrier over the cervix. Insert no longer than thirty minutes prior to intercourse. • Creams and Jellies • Used with diaphragms and cervical caps, though they are applied with an applicator. They can be put on the inside of an unrolled condom. • Effectiveness: 75-90% if used alone. 94% when used with a vaginal barrier • Prescription Required: No • Cost: $8 for 12 uses

  24. Spermicides cont. • Advantages • Act as a lubricate • Kills sperm • Disadvantages • Bitter, strong smell • Possible burning sensation

  25. Diaphragms & Cervical Caps • A reversible barrier method of birth control. Both are soft rubber barriers that are intended to fit securely over the cervix. Used with a contraceptive cream or jelly. Blocks the entrance to the uterus, and jelly or cream immobilizes sperm, preventing it from joining the egg. • The diaphragms can be inserted up to 6 hours before intercourse and left in place for 24 hours • The cervical cap may be left in place for up to 48 hours • Effectiveness: 84-94% • Prescription Required: Yes • Cost: $15-75

  26. Diaphragms and Cervical Caps cont. • Advantages • No hormonal side effects • No major health concerns • Disadvantages • Can be messy • Allergies to latex, silicone, or spermicidal creams • Can not be used during vaginal bleeding or infections • Increases risk of bladder infections • Difficult for some women to use

  27. Vaginal Sponge • Small donut shaped foam sponge saturated with a spermicide. Prior to intercourse the sponge is moistened, inserted into the vagina and placed over the cervix. Must stay in place for 6-8 hours after intercourse. • It works by holding spermicide against the cervix while blocking the cervical opening. • Effectiveness: 72-84% • Prescription Required: No • Cost: $9-15 • Advantages: • Don’t have to be sized for the vaginal sponge • More effective for women who have not had children • May be inserted up to 24 hours before sexual intercourse • Disadvantages • Offers no protection against STDs • Exact placement may be difficult • Irritation and allergic reaction may occur.

  28. Emergency Contraception Pills (ecp) • A one time pill taken within 72 hours (3 days) of unprotected sex that can decrease the chance of pregnancy by 75-89%. Emergency contraception does not work if you are already pregnant. • Also called the Morning After Pill or Plan B pill, it contains higher levels of hormones that work by temporarily blocking eggs from being produced and by stopping fertilization, or by keeping fertilized eggs from becoming implanted in the uterus. • Prescription Required: If 17 years or older no prescription is required. If younger than 17 years old, a prescription is required by a health care provider • Cost: $45- 65

  29. ABSTINENCE is the only 100% effective method that protects against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases

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