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Contraceptives

Contraceptives . Ms. Taylor Health. Contraceptives . Contraceptives are a means of preventing pregnancy. They do NOT protect against Sexually Transmitted Diseases They are not 100% Full-proof The only thing that is 100% Full-proof is??? ABSTINENCE!!!

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Contraceptives

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  1. Contraceptives Ms. Taylor Health

  2. Contraceptives • Contraceptives are a means of preventing pregnancy. • They do NOT protect against Sexually Transmitted Diseases • They are not 100% Full-proof • The only thing that is 100% Full-proof is??? • ABSTINENCE!!! • No sexual/genital contact of any kind, vaginal, anal or oral • Cost: Free • Effectiveness: 100%

  3. CONTRACEPTIVES • BEHAVIOR METHODS • ABSTINENCE • WITHDRAWL • FERTILITY AWARENESS METHODS (KNOWING OVULATION) • NON PRESCRIPTION BIRTH CONTROL METHODS • MALE CONDOM • FEMALE CONDOM • SPERMICIDE • FOAMS, JELLIES, CREAMS, SUPPOSITORIES • PRESCRIPTION BIRTH CONTROL METHODS • ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES • CERVICAL CAP • DIAPHRAGM • CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANT • PATCH • NUVA-RING • PERMANENT – VASECTOMY AND TUBAL LIGATION

  4. Withdrawl • 80% INEFFECTIVE • Withdrawal • Nearly six in 10 American women report that a partner has used "pulling out," the age-old method that relies on the man withdrawing his penis from the vagina before ejaculation. • Pros: Free, no need for devices or hormones.Cons: Very Ineffective because of the pre-ejaculation fluid containing sperm. No protection against STDs. • Fertility Awareness • Also called natural family planning, fertility awareness means avoiding sex when the woman is most fertile. The most reliable way to do this is to watch for changes in cervical mucus and body temperature. To use this method correctly, it’s best to get training from a health care professional. • Pros: No drugs or devices, inexpensive.Cons: 71% ineffective. No protection from STDs.

  5. CONTRACEPTIVES • SPERMICIDE – (nonoxynol-9) 71% effective • USUALLY FOAM OR CREAM • MUST BE APPLIED IMMEDIATELY BEFORE INTERCOURSE • MUST REMAIN INSIDE VAGINA/CERVIX FOR AT LEAST 6 HOURS BEFORE REMOVING • MOST EFFECTIVE WHEN USED WITH A CONDOM • MOST CONDOMS COME LUBRICATED WITH A SPERMICIDE • YOU MUST CHECK THE LABEL • COST - $8.00 PER PACKAGE • NO PROTECTION FROM STDS • MALE LATEX CONDOMS- 82% effective • Non prescription - $1-$2 each • A MALE CONTRACEPTIVE THAT IS PLACED OVER THE PENIS BEFORE INTERCOURSE • CONDOMS HAVE A RESOVOIR TIP THAT IS DESIGNED TO CATCH THE SPERM DURING EJACULATION • Pregnancy and STD prevention • Female Condoms - • Non prescription, 79% effectiveness rate, $4.00 each • Pregnancy and STD prevention • THE CONDOM MUST BE REMOVED AFTER INTERCOURSE

  6. PRESCRIPTION CONTRACEPTIVES • DIAPHRAGM • The diaphragm is a rubber dome that is placed over the cervix before sex. It is used with a spermicide. Effectiveness compares to the male condom • EFFECTIVENESS: APPROXIMATELY 84% • Pros: Inexpensive (a $15-$75 device lasts two years.)Cons: Must be fitted by a doctor, no STD protection. Can’t be used during your period due to a risk of toxic shock syndrome. • CERVICAL CAP: • A cervical cap is similar to a diaphragm, but smaller. The FemCap slips into place over the cervix, blocking entry into the uterus. It is used with spermicide. • EFFECTIVENESS: 85% FOR NEVER BEING PREGNANT, 70% FOR PREVIOUS PREGNANCIES • Pros: Can stay in place for 48 hours, inexpensive.Cons: Must be fitted by a doctor, no protection against STDs. Can’t be used during your period.

  7. Birth Control Sponge The birth control sponge, sold as the Today Sponge, is made of foam and contains spermicide. It is placed against the cervix up to 24 hours before sex. The sponge is about as effective as the cervical cap, with a failure rate of 16% for women who have never had children and 32% for those who have. But unlike the diaphragm or cervical cap, no fitting by a doctor is required. Pros: No prescription, effective immediately.Cons: Difficult to insert correctly, no STD protection. Can't be used during your period.

  8. PRESCRIPTION CONTRACEPTIVES • Birth Control Pill • The most common type of birth control pill uses the hormones estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation. When taken on schedule, the pill is highly effective, approximately 92%. Like all hormonal contraceptives, the pill requires a prescription. • Pros: More regular, lighter periods, or no periods, depending on the type of pill. Less cramping.Cons: Cost ($15-$50 per month), no STD protection. May cause side effects, including breast tenderness, spotting, serious blood clots, and raised blood pressure. Some women should not use birth control pills.

  9. INJECTIONs, rings and PATCHES • DEPO PROVERA - (every 3 months) • ORTHO ESRA – (ONCE A WEEK PATCH) • Like other methods of birth control, the birth control shot releases a hormoneprogestin — into the body. Hormones are chemicals made in our bodies. They control how different parts of our bodies work. • The progestin in the shot works by keeping a woman’s ovaries from releasing eggs — ovulation. Pregnancy cannot happen if there is no egg to join with sperm. The progestin in the shot also prevents pregnancy by thickening a woman’s cervical mucus. The mucus blocks sperm and keeps it from joining with an egg. • The hormone also thins the lining of the uterus. In theory, this could prevent pregnancy by keeping a fertilized egg from attaching to the uterus. • IT ALL DEPENDS ON HOW MUCH HORMONE IS IN THE SHOT,PATCH,RING!!

  10. BIRTH CONTROL PATCH Women who have trouble remembering a daily pill may want to consider the birth control patch. The Ortho Evra patch is worn on the skin and changed only once a week for three weeks with a fourth week that is patch-free. The patch releases the same types of hormones as the birth control pill and is 99% effective. Pros: More regular, lighter periods with less cramping, no need to remember a daily pill.Cons: Cost ($15-$50 per month), may cause skin irritation or other side effects similar to birth control pills. Does not protect against STDs.

  11. Vaginal Ring The NuvaRing is a soft plastic ring that is worn inside the vagina. The ring releases the same hormones as the pill and patch and is 99% effective. But it only needs to be replaced once a month. Pros: Lighter, more regular periods, only replaced once per month.Cons: Cost ($30-$50 per month), may cause vaginal irritation or other side effects similar to pills and the patch. Does not protect against STDs. VAGINAL RING

  12. Birth Control Shot The birth control shot, known as Depo-Provera, is a hormonal injection that protects against pregnancy for three months. For the typical couple, it is more effective than the birth control pill -- only 3% of users get pregnant in a year. 99% Effective. Less effective if you do not keep up with regular injections. Pros: Only injected four times per year, highly effective.Cons: Cost (about $240 per year), may cause spotting and other side effects. Does not protect against STDs. Birth Control Implant The birth control implant (Implanon) is a matchstick-sized rod that is placed under the skin of the upper arm. It releases the same hormone that's in the birth control shot, but the implant protects against pregnancy for 3 years. The failure rate is less than 1%. 99% effective. Pros: Lasts three years, highly effective.Cons: More expensive upfront ($400-$800 for exam, implant, and insertion), may cause side effects, including irregular bleeding. Doesn't protect against STDs. Injections and Implants

  13. PRESCRIPTION CONTRACEPTIVES • IUD stands for intrauterine device, a T-shaped piece of plastic that is placed inside the uterus by a doctor. The copper IUD, ParaGard, works for as long as 12 years. The hormonal IUD, Mirena, must be replaced after 5 years. Both types make it more difficult for sperm to fertilize the egg. Fewer than eight in 1,000 women get pregnant. • 92% Effective Rate • Pros: Long-lasting, low-maintenance.Cons: Irregular or heavier periods. More expensive upfront, may slip out, may cause side effects.

  14. Permanent contraceptives • If you're sure you won't want biological children in the future, you may be ready for permanent birth control. The traditional method for women is called tubal ligation or "having your tubes tied." A surgeon closes off the fallopian tubes, preventing eggs from making their journey out of the ovaries. (The banding method is shown here.) • Pros: Permanent, nearly 100% effective.Cons: Requires surgery, may not be reversible, expensive. Doesn't protect against STDs.

  15. Besides condoms, a vasectomy is the only birth control option available to men. It involves surgically closing the vas deferens – the tubes that carry sperm from the testes, through the reproductive system. This prevents the release of sperm but doesn’t interfere with ejaculation. Pros: Permanent, cheaper than tubal ligation, almost 100% effective.Cons: Requires surgery, not effective immediately, may not be reversible. VASECTOMY

  16. Plan B Emergency contraception works after sex to help avoid pregnancy. This is an option if no birth control was used or if a woman suspects her usual method failed. Plan B, Plan B One-Step, and a generic version of Plan B called Next Choice all contain a high dose of a hormone found in many birth control pills. No prescription is needed for women aged 17 and older. These types must be used within 72 hours. Ella uses a non-hormonal drug and requires a doctor's prescription. It can be taken up to five days after sex.

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