1 / 34

Properties of Matter

Properties of Matter. Chapter 16. Properties. Extensive = Characteristic of matter in which the amount of the material affects the property Intensive = Characteristic of matter in which the amount of the material does not affect the property.

hboston
Download Presentation

Properties of Matter

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Properties of Matter Chapter 16

  2. Properties • Extensive = Characteristic of matter in which the amount of the material affects the property • Intensive = Characteristic of matter in which the amount of the material does not affect the property

  3. List examples of extensive and intensive properties

  4. Measuring Matter

  5. Mixture contains more than one kind of matter that can be separated by physical means Pure Substances is matter that cannot be separated by physical means Classifying Matter: matter can be classified into two main types sugar Trail mix

  6. Elements has one kind type of atom examples: helium (He) carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) Compounds a substance that contains more than one type of atom examples: H2O (pure water) NaCl (sodium chloride) Two Types of substances

  7. Matter • Examples of elements: mercury gold aluminum iodine

  8. Examples of pure substances that are compounds NaCl = table salt Water =H2O Sugar = C6H12O6

  9. Basic units of substances are always in motion • Atom • is the smallest possible particle of an element • Molecule • is the smallest particle of the compound that retains the properties of the compound

  10. Heterogeneous mixture the composition is not uniform (different) examples: chicken noodle soup mixed nuts soil Homogeneous Mixture The composition is uniform (same) examples: salt water tap water brass Types of mixtures

  11. What type of mixture is it? homogeneous heterogeneous Salt water

  12. Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids • It isn’t always easy to tell the difference between a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture. • Based on the size of its largest particles, a mixture can be classified as a solution, a suspension, or a colloid.

  13. Solutions • When substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture, the mixture that forms is called a solution.

  14. All mixtures can be separated. • Methods to separate mixtures • 1. Sorting • 2. Filtering • 3. Heating • 4. Cooling • 5. distillation

  15. Matter Substances mixtures Heterogeneous mixture Compounds Homogeneous mixture elements

  16. 1. A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance in the material. Achemicalproperty can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances. Two types of Properties of Matter

  17. Viscosity= Resistance of a liquid to flowing Physical Properties High viscosity

  18. Physical Properties of matter • Conductivity = the ability of matter to transfer heat or electricity

  19. Malleability is the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering. Hardness is used to compare two materials. If a material can scratch another then it is harder. Physical Properties diamond

  20. Physical Properties • Melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid (Water in the form of ice melts at 00C) • Boiling Point is the temperature at which a substance boils. (water boils at 1000C)

  21. Physical Properties of Matter • Density is the ratio of the mass to volume of a substance.

  22. Chemical Properties • A chemical property is any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter. • Chemical properties can be observed only when the substance in a sample of matter are changing into different substances.

  23. Observing Chemical Properties • Flammability is a material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen.

  24. Observing chemical properties • The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances is reactivity. • Examples: • Rusting • Chemical reaction

  25. Indentifying Chemical Change • Common types of evidence for a chemical change are • 1. color • 2. production of gas • 3. formation of a precipitate • 4. Thermal energy change

  26. Identifying a chemical change

  27. States of Matter • Solid • has a definite shape and definite volume • molecules vibrate slow but cannot switch places with other molecules

  28. States of Matter • Liquid • has a definite volume but no definite shape • Molecules move faster and slip out of position

  29. States of Matter • Gas • has no definite shape or volume • molecules move so fast that they bounce out of the liquid state and become a gas.

  30. Temperature= the average energy of the molecules

  31. Melting point temperature at which it changed from solid to liquid Boiling point temperature at which it changes from a liquid to a gas Changing States of Matter

  32. Evaporation fast-moving molecules in a liquid can escape to become a gas cooling because it take the energy (heat) away from the substance Condensation molecules in a gas slow down and change into a liquid Changing state of matter

  33. Changes in State of Matter • Sublimation • when a solid changes directly from a solid to a gas

More Related