1 / 81

at High Energy

Fundamental Constants. at High Energy. and their time variation. H. Fritzsch LMU MUNICH CERN. Standard Model. SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1). Standard Model. Problem:. 28 constants. e.g. Newtons constant of gravity. What are fundamental constants?.

hbowie
Download Presentation

at High Energy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Fundamental Constants at High Energy and their time variation H. Fritzsch LMU MUNICH CERN

  2. Standard Model SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1)

  3. Standard Model Problem: 28 constants e.g. Newtons constant of gravity

  4. What are fundamental constants? Cosmic Accidents?Determined by Dynamics?Changing in Time?

  5. Big Bang

  6. Cosmic accidents? Universe => Multiverse

  7. Inflationary universe

  8. Are the fundamental constants the same at all times and on all locations?

  9. Sommerfeld, 1916……… Example Finestructure Constant

  10. Sommerfeld Solvay

  11. Pauli (1958): Nr 137, Zürich.............L. Lederman, 137 Eola RoadFeynman: 137–how little we know

  12. QED: Most successful theory in science. Merging of electrodynamics, quantum mechanics and special relativity.Renormalizable theory, tested up to 1:10 000 000(Lamb shift, hyperfine splitting, magnetic moments)

  13. Quantum Field Theory: Finestructure constant becomes function of energy or scale due to quantum fluctuations of electron-positron pairs => partial screening of bare charge of the electron at distances less than the compton wavelength of the electron

  14. partial screening - - - + - - - - - charge gets larger at high energy

  15. LEP: ~ 1/127 agrees with theory

  16. Oklo Phenomen About 1.8 billion years ago, in Gabon, Westafrika. Natural Reactor, which operated about 100 million years. High concentration of uranium 3.7% U 235 at that time (today 0.72 %) Moderator: water from river Oklo

  17. Geological Situation in Gabon leading to natural nuclear fission reactors1. Nuclear reactor zones2. Sandstone3. Uranium ore layer4. Granite

  18. Discovered in the 1970ties by french nuclear physicists It was found: Uranium 235 less that the normal rate Normally: 0.720 % ==further investigation Natural reactor

  19. Shlyakhter, Dyson and Damour (1996) samarium Neutron Capture Sm(149) + n =>Sm(150) + gamma cross section about 57 … 93 kb very large cross section due to nuclear resonance just above threshold: E=0.0973 eV Resonance position cannot have changed much. Change less than 0.1 eV => constraint on elm. interaction: alpha(Oklo)-alpha(now)/alpha <1/10 000 000 Dyson, Damour

  20. -16 Change of alpha per year must be less than per year (if no other parameters change) ==>constraint questionable 10

  21. (Flambaum, ... F. and Calmet) No limit on variation of alpha

  22. Other basic paramters:Nucleon mass!?======QCD quarks and gluons

  23. SLAC

  24. CERN

  25. Quarks

  26. DESY quark jets

  27. What is mass? Thus far only one mechanism of mass generation established: QCD Mass from „no-mass“ (dimensional transmutation) „Anti-screening“ of color – infrared slavery

  28. Mass from no-mass 1/lambda

  29. :about 250 MeVMass: confined field energy Experiments: Mass in QCD is fully understood (not, however, the quark masses)

  30. Nucleon Mass in limit of vanishing quark masses: const. calculable, but large errors at present. Exp: 938.272 MeV First calculation of a mass in physics

  31. Nucleon Mass in QCD: Nuleon mass: QCD mass and mass contributions from the quark masses Example: QCD u d s+c QED

  32. 6 Constants for stable matter G QED QCD • Atoms, Nuclei =

  33. Masses of W-Bosons are generated by symmetry breaking (B-E-H Mechanism) ( Brout - Englert - Higgs )

  34. Mass and Symmetry Breaking Higgs particle Fermi constant

  35. LHC Higgs particle

  36. what do these masses mean? (Higgs mech.) The Dark Corner of HEPFermion Masses: Arbitrary R 246 GeV g L

  37. Particle Physics:many more fundamental constants

  38. 4 fundamental constants G

  39. 14 fundamental constants G

  40. 28 G (22 related to fermion masses)

  41. Relations betweenthe various constants?

  42. Quark Masses: • Observed: m(c) : m(t) = m(u):m(c) 1/207 1/207 m(s):m(b) = m(d):m(s) 1/23 1/23

  43. ln m b c s d ? u

  44. ln m b c s d u

  45. ln m t b c s d u predicting t-mass (1987)

  46. ln m tau mu e? e

More Related