Making use of the GA “Cooler China” Study Tour 2014

1. Making use of the GA “Cooler China” Study Tour 2014 A unit of work for Y 9 by Dorothy Whiteley Bedford Girls’ School

2. Challenging the StereotypeA Year 9 Exercise This was undertaken as part of a unit on China and served as a way of introducing the unit and developing collaborative skills using google apps Define a stereotype A generalisation that affects and limits the way we see an issue

3. Is this how many people see the world? Is this how people should see the world? How does it affect our perspective of areas outside our living space How well do we know our own area

4. Task A • Students asked to think about what they think of when China is mentioned and to write it down on a ‘show-me’ board • These are held up and turned around so all girls can then write down ideas from others • This triggered a list of other images which together created the class stereotype • Pictorial images then collected to produce an electronic collage

6. Task B - Group work – girls have access to a computer + weblinks/a range of teacher provided materials • Class divided into 5 groups of 5 with each group representing a province of China as listed in the following table • Each person in the group takes on the responsibility of finding out about one of the aspects listed in the table • Groups then split up so all the ‘aspects’ sit together eg all those investigating population come together • Time spent investigating their aspect and creating a slide which is then shared using google apps – show ppte below on Liaoning province to give ideas • Students help and support each other when they find something which might be helpful to others on their table

8. Task B continued • Students then reform as province groups and feed back the information by explaining and elaborating their completed slides • Each province group then presents their complete presentation to the class as a whole • Complete a snakes and ladders chart outlining the advantages and disadvantages of either your own province or China as a snapshot – the next slide shows one done to look at Shanghai

11. Overview of China Unit • This introduction is IT based – websites were provided as a prompt but students very quickly found their own – some worked harder than others but there was always someone who pulled the group along and feeding back to a different group gave confidence and a ‘new start’ • Required two 1 hour lessons and a hwk

12. Where it fits within the ‘China Unit’ • Introduction on Stereotypes • Key facts on China • Places in and around China • 5 provinces in China • Population Change in China – IT exercise • Modern Shanghai • Travelling inland along the Yangtse – Three Gorges Dam – debate on advantages and disadvantages • A complete contrast – human rights and cultural identity in Tibet

13. The following slides show extracts from student notebooks on this unit

20. A geographer’s Guide to Liaoning Liaoning is located in the southern most part of Manchuria With specific reference to Shenyang

21. Contents

22. Overview of Liaoning Province • Liaoning Province is located in the southern part of China’s Northeast, bordering the Bohai Gulf and Yellow Sea to the south and the Korean Peninsula to the southeast. In the southeast, the Yalu River and the city of Dandong demarks the Liaoning/North Korean border, across which 70% of all official trade between China and North Korea passes. • Known to the Chinese as ‘the Golden Triangle’ due to it’s shape and location • Summary of Province with ref to ‘Revitalising the NE’ plan http://shenyang.usembassy-china.org.cn/ln.html

25. It is possible to think of Liaoning asthree approximate geographical regions: the highlands in the west, plains in the middle, and hillsin the east. The highlands, in Western Liaoning, fringe the northern shore of Liaodong Bay between Shanhaiguan (Hebei) and Jinzhou and are predominantly a highland area comprising the broken and eroded fringe of the Mongolian Plateau. They reach heights of approx. 450 metres but near the sea the mountains have been intensely eroded by fast-flowing rivers, so that a complex mass of valleys and ridges has been formed. The central part of Liaoning is a depression continuous with the North China Plain but erosional rather than depositional. consists of the watersheds of rivers such as the Liao, Daliao, and their tributaries. This region is mostly low flat plains with poor drainage causing swamps now mostly drained The eastern part of Liaoning is dominated by the Changbai Shan and Qianshan ranges, which extend into the sea to form the Liaodong Peninsula where the coastline is submerging. The highest point in Liaoning, Mount Huabozi (1336 m), is found in this region. The NE section is the least developed part of the province.

26. Physical geography of Liaoning

27. The highlands, in Western Liaoning, fringe the northern shore of Liaodong Bay between Shanhaiguan (Hebei) and Jinzhou and are predominantly a highland area comprising the broken and eroded fringe of the Mongolian Plateau. They reach heights of approx. 450 metres but near the sea the mountains have been intensely eroded by fast-flowing rivers, so that a complex mass of valleys and ridges has been formed.

28. The central part of Liaoning is a depression continuous with the North China Plain but erosional rather than depositional. consists of the watersheds of rivers such as the Liao, Daliao, and their tributaries. This region is mostly low flat plains with poor drainage causing swamps now mostly drained

29. The eastern part of Liaoning is dominated by the Changbai Shan and Qianshan ranges, which extend into the sea to form the Liaodong Peninsula where the coastline is submerging. The highest point in Liaoning, Mount Huabozi (1336 m), is found in this region. The NE section is the least developed part of the province. The Qianshan Mountains

30. The Continental Monsoon Climate of Liaoning Precipitation in Liaoning as a whole diminishes consistently from southeast to northwest. Average annual precipitation is about 440 to 1,130 mm, ¾of it falling between June and September and almost none from December through February. The summer rainfall is often torrential, but everywhere the scarcity of spring precipitation tends to leave crops short of water.

31. Soils The soils of the middle of the Liao lowland are of the calcareous alluvial type; those of the peripheries to east and west are of brown forest types; and those of the northern peripheries are red earths. The swamps have gley soils (having a sticky layer of clay under the waterlogged surface). The soils of the peninsula, like the rock types and the topography, are highly mixed and varied. Most of the best soils there are of brown forest type or of red or yellow loess (an unstratified wind-borne loamy deposit). There has been serious soil erosion, and skeletal soils occur on the steeper slopes. Gley Soils

32. Eroded soil meets the sea X Shenyang Jilin Province Liaodong Bay x Dandong x Dalian x Beijing North Korea Bohai Sea Mouth of x Huang Ho (Yellow) river South Korea Yellow Sea Notice sedimentation in shallow seas especially the Bohai Sea and the East China coast and west coast of Korea

33. . . In 2012, Liaoning's population was 43.89 million. Ethnic minorities (e.g Koreans, Mongolians, Manchus, Hui, Xibo) make up about 16 percent of the population PopulationSee Migration notes in article on Diaspora

35. Economy of the Province • The economy of Liaoning is by far the strongest in the Northeast and is one of the strongest provincial economies in China. Liaoning is one of the country’s principal industrial provinces. One reason for the high level of development in Liaoning is the high level of capitalization, based both on investments made under the government since 1949 and on important foreign investments made between 1896 and 1945, mainly by the Japanese – summarised on following slide

37. Why has the rural economy developed at a slower pace? • Investment has always been much heavier in industry than in farming. • Earlier Japanese administrators had not invested in agriculture • Natural calamities, such as spring drought • Inefficient cultivation methods in many places, which result in lower agricultural yields. • Exceptional opportunities for employment in industry also tend to deprive agriculture of much of the best labour, in spite of policies designed to prevent this. • Short summer preventing 2 crops a year

38. The larger the circle the greater the area of sown landThe darker the red the greater the level of water scarcity

39. What is grown here? PeanutsCorn Sugar beet Rice Apples Vegetables PearsSoybean Cotton Tussah silkworm Tobacco Reforested Timber

40. Resources and power in Liaoning • Iron ore is concentrated in a triangular area to the south of Shenyang. These ores are generally easy to mine but are of relatively poor quality; ores of better quality occur in the north-eastern part of the province. • Coalis more widespread, and its distribution partly overlaps that of iron. Coal is exploited in three main areas to the north, east and southeast, and west of Shenyang. Fushun, east of Shenyang, and Fuxin, to the west, have two of the most important collieries in China. Both were exploited under the Japanese but have been expanded since the communists came to power. Apart from its use as fuel and in smelting, coal is used in Liaoning to produce synthetic petroleum. • Oil shale which occurs in the Fushun area and in western Liaoning and generally over the coal seams is used to make synthetic petroleum. • Oil from the Liao River oil field, first developed in the late 1960s and has become one of China’s largest onshore producers.

41. …….continued • Rich reserves of manganese ore occur in western Liaoning and in the southeast. • In the eastern mountain area there are substantial deposits of boron, lead, and zinc; smaller similar deposits occur in the west, together with an important deposit of molybdenum. Important concentrations of magnetite are found around Haicheng, southwest of Shenyang. • There are also reserves of other minerals, including bauxite, gold, and diamonds, and sea salt is produced. • Liaoning is a major regional producer of electric power. Much of this is generated by large coal-fired thermal plants in Shenyang, Dalian, and other cities, but a growing proportion consists of hydroelectricity. Liaoning exports some of its production to neighbouring provinces.

42. Manufacturing Centres

43. Foreign Investment • Liaoning attracted the largest amount of FDI in northern China. Dalian and Shenyang are the most popular destinations of FDI in Liaoning, together accounting for 67.8% of the total in 2012.  The manufacturing sector attracted the largest share of FDI (46.5% of the total) in 2012, followed by the real estate sector. •  Hong Kong is the largest source of FDI in Liaoning. In 2012, utilised FDI from Hong Kong amounted to US$14.7 billion, accounting for 54.7% of the total utilized FDI. Besides Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, US, Germany and Taiwan are major sources of FDI.

45. Steel plant, Benxi Shenyang POLLUTION IN LIAONING Shenyang Oct 2013 Walking in Shenyang Oct 2013

46. The Impact of coal-fired power stations Volume = size of circle Impact = density of colour

47. Open the link to see a live map for air pollution in Liaoning. Weds 9/7/2014 range was from 24-173 http://aqicn.org/map/liaoning/

48. Dec 2013 - 8 Liaoning cities fined for air pollution • Local governments in eight cities in northeast China's Liaoning Province have been fined a total of 54.2 million yuan (8.9 million U.S. dollars) for air pollution • Shenyang, capital of Liaoning, was ordered to pay a fine of 34.6 million yuan. Seven other cities, including Dalian and Anshan, were fined 19.6 million yuan • Decades of breakneck economic growth, the coal-dominated energy mix and lax environmental law enforcement are blamed for the prominent pollution in Liaoning • The choking smog affecting areas of northern China, including Liaoning, is particularly bad in winter, the peak season for coal consumption. Industries such as glass, iron and steel, coal and cement are among high-energy consumers. Therefore, halting production at these industries would be the best solution. Cement is the one most likely to be targeted but this could cause permanent closures and/or a move towards cheaper (and more polluting) fuels

49. Air Pollution Websites/Articles • http://china.org.cn/environment/2013-12/10/content_30856898.htm • http://aqicn.org/map/liaoning/ • http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20131227000080&cid=1105 • http://www.chinacp.org.cn/eng/cppolicystrategy/cp_cities.html • http://ajw.asahi.com/article/sci_tech/environment/AJ201310240045 • http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/831346.shtml

50. Major Cities