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Rail Transit Impacts on Trip Making and Land Development in Shanghai, China

Rail Transit Impacts on Trip Making and Land Development in Shanghai, China. This study is jointly supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy (Cambridge, MA) and the University of Texas at Austin Prepared by Haixiao Pan, Ph.D.

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Rail Transit Impacts on Trip Making and Land Development in Shanghai, China

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  1. Rail Transit Impacts on Trip Making and Land Development in Shanghai, China This study is jointly supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy (Cambridge, MA) and the University of Texas at Austin Prepared by Haixiao Pan, Ph.D. Professor, Department of urban Planning Tongji University, Shanghai, China E-mail: hxpank@online.sh.cn Ming Zhang, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Community & Regional Planning The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 E-mail: zhangm@mail.utexas.edu

  2. 1.0 Introduction • The past ten years witnessed a major boom in rail transit development in China.

  3. 1.0 Introduction · Intention for the metro: 1 improve mobility 2 spatial structuring against sprawl · Purpose of the study: 1 How has the introduction of Shanghai’s metro rail influenced trip making? 2 Does the development of the metro system affect land use around transit stations?

  4. Location and population • at the junction of the east coastal economic belt and the Yangtze River Basin economic belt. • 18 districts and one island county, • total area of 6,340.5 square kilo-meters • Pudong New Area:523 square kilo-meters • population total : around 17 m. registered :13.44m. • 2.0 Background Information of Shanghai

  5. 2.0 Background Information of Shanghai • Density: Central area density in year of 2000 and 1990 (thousand, person/square km) 3.1 times higher than Beijing, and 2.9 timeshigher than Tianjin.

  6. 2.0 Background Information of Shanghai • Density (in 100s persons • per square kilometers):

  7. 2.0 Background Information of Shanghai • Economic growth Growth rate over 10 percent for more than thirteen years

  8. 2.0 Background Information of Shanghai • Metro Lines in Shanghai:

  9. 2.0 Background Information of Shanghai • Metro in Shanghai: Rail Transit Passenger Trips in Shanghai Rail Transit Lines in Shanghai

  10. 3.0 StudyMethodology • Survey year and sample size: Conducted by the Department of Urban Planning at Tongji University of 40 students and faculty member in the three years

  11. 3.0 StudyMethodology • Interview: passengers and residents : • passengers waiting for the train • residents within the buffer zone • Trip purpose • Trip Modes • Changes in Trip Times • Frequency of downtown visit • Opinion: facility, service, connecting transport

  12. 3.0 Study Methodology: Field survey: • Functional composition: • Create two buffer zones around each of the rail station • Compare shares of each type of land use between the two buffers • Studies land use for between the 0-500 meter buffer and the 500-1,000-meter buffer for suburban stations. • Development intensity: • compare in 200-500 and 500-1000 meters in periphery • density in low(FAR< 1.0),medium(FAR 1.0~2.5), high(FAR>2.5)

  13. 3.0 StudyMethodology

  14. 4.0 StudyResults: • 1 influence on trip making characteristics in Shanghai Trip purpose: rail transit is mostly used for work commute In 2000 less developed service in suburban ,more travel for recreation

  15. 4.0 StudyResults: • 1 influence on trip making characteristics in Shanghai

  16. 4.0 StudyResults: • 1 influence on trip making characteristics in Shanghai Year 2002

  17. 4.0 StudyResults: • 1 influence on trip making characteristics in Shanghai Trip Modes Big shift from bus to metro. Less passenger in 2000 due to: fare too high. not direct link to destinations inconvenient for transfers

  18. 4.0 StudyResults: • 1 influence on trip making characteristics in Shanghai Changes in Trip Times Increase in less than 30 minutes proportions Decrease in longer time proportions

  19. 4.0 StudyResults: • 1 influence on trip making characteristics in Shanghai Frequency of downtown visit Quite frequent to visit downtown for the vitality of city center

  20. 4.0 StudyResults:

  21. 4.0 StudyResults: • 2 Land use near the station • Land Use Composition : land use compositions in 0-200 vs. 200-500 buffer

  22. 4.0 StudyResults: • 2 Land use near the station • Land Use Composition : Land use composition in suburban stations of Metro Line-1, Shanghai

  23. 4.0 StudyResults: • Land use near the station:

  24. 4.0 StudyResults: • 2 Land use near the station • Land Development Intensity : Comparison of development intensity between 0-200 and 200-500 buffer zones in Shanghai

  25. 4.0 StudyResults: • 2 Land use near the station • Land Development Intensity : compare the land uses between 2000 and 2003 for Xinzhuang Station: more commercial and office uses replaced residential uses in areas closer to the station

  26. 4.0 StudyResults: • 2 Land use near the station • Land Development Intensity : Development intensity among three metro lines in Shanghai Line-1 is more intense than Line-2 Line-2 is more intense than Line-3

  27. 4.0 StudyResults: Change in Housing Prices Jiang wan Zhen Station, the North terminal of Line-3 Sun Yat-sen Park Station

  28. 4.0 StudyResults: • 3 The case of Sun Yat-sen Park Station • Interchange of line-1 and line-2 • 320 thousand residents In an area of 1.5 kilometers in radius • 918 thousand residents In an area of 3.0 kilometers in radius

  29. 4.0 StudyResults: • 3 The case of Sun Yat-sen Park Station • land use • site: part of Shanghai Steel and Iron Company Unit-3.

  30. 4.0 StudyResults: • 3 The case of Sun Yat-sen Park Station • Dream of Dragon project:

  31. 4.0 StudyResults: • 3 The case of Sun Yat-sen Park Station • Planning concept of evolution: • Follow Japan and Hongkong, take the advantage of the metro interchange • relocate the Park Station of Line-2 500 meter west. • three facilities on the site • attracted interests from many developers. • Shanghai Changfeng Inc. won the project • Dream of Dragon project: • investment:US$366 millions • construction started in June 2002 , part open in December 2005 • floor space area :320 thousand square meters • 25 thousand sqm for office use • 5-star hotel with 780 guest rooms. • 200 thousand square meters Shopping center

  32. 4.0 StudyResults: • 3 The case of Sun Yat-sen Park Station

  33. 4.0 StudyResults: • 3 The case of Sun Yat-sen Park Station • Dream of Dragon project: • transport connection • 1000-square meter lobby to the station • 1500-sqm transfer area for taxi and bus • 45-meter long skyway connect with line-3 • 750 parking spaces for cars. • Key elements: • willingness of various stakeholders • institutional supports, FAR bonus • More terminal complex TOD

  34. First Phase Opening: December Last Year Not So Success Yet

  35. Hinterland Area Double Modal Split: 70% by Public Transport Metro Double the Visitor Surveyed in August 2005

  36. 5.0 Conclusion: • Rail transit in Shanghai does change the trip making characteristics of those living near the stations • Changes in land use patterns associated with the rail transit are also consistent with the urban economics theory: • Rail transit does affect land use in areas where the system goes in Shanghai

  37. 5.0 Conclusion: (con’t) • The private sector is playing an increasingly important role in China’s transportation planning and land use decisions • City wide transport strategy is critical to guarantee the relative accessibility • The influence range of a station is far beyond the 5 minutes , so connecting transport is very important to be concerned.

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