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The Transcontinental Empire of Chinggis Khan

The Transcontinental Empire of Chinggis Khan. Building the Mongol War Machine. Mounted warriors Tumens ,10,000 troops Messenger force Adopted gunpowder, cannons. First Assault on the Islamic World: Conquest in China. Kara Khitai defeated Mongolian Khwarazm , Muhammad Shah II defeated

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The Transcontinental Empire of Chinggis Khan

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  1. The Transcontinental Empire of Chinggis Khan

  2. Building the Mongol War Machine • Mounted warriors • Tumens,10,000 troops • Messenger force • Adopted gunpowder, cannons

  3. First Assault on the Islamic World: Conquest in China • Kara Khitai defeated • Mongolian • Khwarazm, Muhammad Shah II defeated • Return to China • Xi-Xia kingdom and Jin Empire (Northern China) destroyed • Harsh, tolerant • Chinggis Khan • Capital at Karakorum • Shamanistic • Tolerated other religions • New administration • Commerce thrives

  4. Life Under the Mongol Imperium • Harsh, tolerant • Chinggis Khan • Capital at Karakorum • Shamanistic • Tolerated other religions • New administration • Commerce thrives

  5. The Death of Chinggis Khan and the Division of the Empire • 1227, division of empire • Three sons, one grandson -Kubilai • Ogedei, third son • Elected great khan

  6. The Mongol Drive to the West • Golden Horde • Khan's tent • Russia in the 1200s • Many kingdoms • Mongols (Tartars) invade

  7. The Mongol Drive to the West • Batu, grandson of Chinggis Khan • 1236, begins conquest of Russia • 1240, Kiev taken and sacked • Novgorod spared

  8. The Mongol Empire and the Global Exchange Network

  9. Russia in Bondage • Russians in vassalage to Golden Horde • Commerce benefits • Moscow thrives • Metropolitan head of Orthodox church • Leads Russian resistance to Mongol • Kulikova, 1380 • Golden Horde defeated

  10. Mongol Incursions and the Retreat from Europe • Hungary, 1240 - Death of Ogedei • Batu retreats Hulegu • Grandson of Chinggis Khan Ilkhan • West to Mesopotamia, North Africa • 1258, Baghdad sacked • 1260, stopped by Baibars • Egyptian Mamluks

  11. The Mongol Assault on the Islamic Heartlands

  12. The Mongol Interlude inChinese History • Ogedei renews attack on China • Kubilai Khan • Grandson of Chinggis Khan • Attacks Song • 1271, transformation to Yuan dynasty • Capital at Tatu (Beijing)

  13. Gender Roles and the Convergence of Mongol and Chinese Culture • Mongol women retain liberties • Chabi, wife of Kubilai, influential

  14. Mongol Tolerance and Foreign Cultural Influence • Mongol patronage • Attracts scholars, artists • Religious toleration • Buddhists, Nestorians, Latin Christians, Daoists, Muslims • Marco Polo • Visits court

  15. Social Policies and Scholar-Gentry Resistance • Ethnic Chinese resist • Especially scholar-gentry • Kubilai • Protects peasant lands • Famine relief • Tax, labor burden lessened

  16. The Fall of the House of Yuan • Death of Kubilai • Dynasty already weakened • Song revolt • 1274, 1280, Japan attacked • Failure • By 1350s, territory lost • Ju Yanzhang • Founds Ming dynasty

  17. Aftershock: The Brief Ride of Timur • Timur-i Lang (Tamerlane) • Turkish • Base at Samarkand • 1360s, conquests • Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, Russia • 1405, death • Empire dissolves

  18. Questions • Why did the Mongols rule end? What happened? • In conclusion, what can we say about the Mongols? …or rather what did they say about the Mongols? • Evaluate the Mongols based on what people said about them at the time.

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