ENVIRONMENTAL LABELLING LCA ADEME database Technical Committee: « Wood and Glass » April 24th 2012

1. ENVIRONMENTAL LABELLING LCA ADEME database Technical Committee: « Wood and Glass » April 24th 2012 Olivier Réthoré ADEME Service Eco-conception & Consommation Durable (SECCD) With Intertek RDC (Isabelle Descos, Matthieu Gillis)

2. Agenda • Goal and scope • For wood and glass • Particular methodological choices • Data need • Existing data

3. Goal and scope • Goal: to establish short term and long term needs in terms of LCI data to give specifications to Ecoinvent and PE in order to feed ADEME’s DB • Scope: • for furniture and beds because the PCR have been validated • for packaging because transverse issue

4. Meeting approach For each type of wood or glass: • Analyze the inventory data need from: • The preliminary study conclusions: « Elaboration d’un plan de développement d’une base publique de données d’ACV comme support à l’affichage » • PCR for furniture and bed • Knowledge about packaging • Determine the appropriate granulometry • Regarding • Technological representativeness • Geographical representativeness • Temporal representativeness • Considering for each differentiation • The relative environmental impact • The information accessibility for the industrial (specific data) • The short term data availability in existing databases (generic data) • Propose a list of inventories to be integrated into ADEME database

5. ADEME database content Processes LCI Flows*, flow property*,Unitgroups Unit Reference flow, Unitgroups Metadata Sources, contacts, external documents X Characterization factors* LCIA Method *Common data for all suppliers (to be given by the JRC) Result for each impact category

6. Data sources: 3 feeding modes • Purchasing existing or adapted data • From databases suppliers with which the ADEME has a framework contract • For both lots (7/wood and 8/glass): PE, ecoinvent • Data co-production • In order to fill missing data in specific sectors • Projects co-funded by ADEME with research and technical partners • Ex.: AgriBalyse for agriculture products, ACYVIA for food industry, etc. • Third party • In order to allow integrating data not yet available in existing databases • In order to promote assessment by the industry

7. Wood (mainly for furniture) 7

8. Wood in GT • Wood is mainly needed in GT7 (furniture); some PCR are validated: “Proposition de projet de référentiel d’évaluation environnementale de produits d’ameublement”: • Meubles en bois • Literie • Siège rembourré • GT2, in hi-fi speakers • GT5, in shoe’s soles • GT11: non electrical tools

9. Impact categories • For all GT • Climate change – IPCC 2007 • Resource depletion – EDIP 97 (2004) (may change) • Furniture • Air acidification – Recipe 2008 • Photochemical oxidant formation – Recipe 2008 • GT2 (EEE) • Ecotoxicity (not validated) • GT5 (shoes) • Eutrophication – Recipe 2008 • GT11 • Aquatic ecotoxicity - Usetox

10. French Furniture Market • In 2008, the France market was structured as (data from IPEA): • 35% : Furnishing furniture; • 27% : Stuffed seats; • 23% : Kitchen furniture; • 11% : Bedding; • 3% : Bathroom furniture; • 1% : garden furniture. Nom du service

11. Furniture PCR requirements • PCR • Specific data • Quantity of each wood type (in mass or volume): see the list in next slides • Sustainable management of forests (to be defined by the methodological platform) • Wood machining (usinage) from sawn timber (sciage) • Electricity consumption • Quantity of finishing products • Semi-specific data • Generic data • Impacts of materials

12. Sustainable wood • How is it taken into account in databases? • The platform distinguishes two concepts • Renewability of resources: carbon withdrawal is taken into account for renewable resources (e.g. wood) whatever the origin • Sustainable management: impact on biodiversity. • There is no recognized indicator for biodiversity. • Discussion is in progress within GT8 (paper) Nom du service

13. Data need – Raw material • Solid wood • What are the differences between wood species from a LCA point of view? (e.g. more energy consumption, soil nutrient…) • Is the approach hardwood/softwood enough for short term? • Does it make sense to have a “wood, unspecified” • Are there types of wood missing? • Derived wood • Are the suggested categories differentiated enough? (e.g. different densities for fiberboard) • Are there types of wood missing? • Does a furniture manufacturer always know the wood species used in derived wood? NB: list established from preliminary study and PCR

14. Existing data – Softwood Nom du service

15. Existing data – Hardwood Nom du service

16. Existing data – Derived wood

17. Existing data • One will use data on wood for building products Might there be major differences on some of these data with wood and wood processing for furniture ?

18. Data need vs. existing data Data available in GaBi and ecoinvent Data available in one database or unknown information Unavailable data

19. Data need – Geographical representativity • PCR does not require any geographical differentiation • What geographical level shall one consider: global ? Regional (temperate, tropical…)? National? • What are relevant parameters to differentiate a region from another? • The preliminary study does not give any statistics data for wood use regarding the production country • What are available statistical data regarding the origin of wood in products bought in France? • A study run by the methodological GT will complete these needs (in progress)

20. Data need – Forming processes • Forming processes are separated in two parts: • Preforming processes: before sawn timber purchased by furniture manufacturer ⇨ generic data included in raw material production • Machining processes: at furniture manufacturing plant ⇨ specific data: • Electricity consumption • Finishing products (see next slide)

21. Data need and Existing data – Finishing products • What are the data needed only for machining and assembling?

22. Data need – Packaging • Pallets • Wood boxes Do we need more than two average inventories? Are there other needs?

23. Production losses • PCR • requires 50/50 recycling allocation for production losses EM = EV - (0,5R1+0,5R2) EV’ + (0,5R1+0,5R2)ER +Ve (Echaudière - r3n*PCI*Echaleur - r4n*PCI*Eélec) + I*(1-0,5R1-0,5R2-Ve)* ( EiOM - r1n*PCIOM*Echaleur- r2n*PCIOM *Eélec) + (1-I)*(1-0,5R1-0,5R2-Ve) Ed • Are production losses always considered recycled? • Credits • What is (are) the recycling outlet(s)? (energy from wood, process panel…) • Must one inventory be used or an average? • Recycling process • Must the recycling process be differentiated by type of wood, type of outlet?

24. End of life • PCR: Recycling is not considered for furniture end-of-life in short term • French statistics for the end of life (source: “Dimensionnement de la filière pour la gestion des mobiliersménagers et professionels”, november 2010) • Material recycling: 25 % • Incineration: 33 % • Landfilling: 38 % • Other: 4 % • GaBi, ecoinvent and ELCD have data for treated and untreated wood landfilling and incineration

25. Emissions delay • BPX • Taking into account with following formulas: • If (100 – Dvp) > Dvx : PRG (X ; 100) • If (100 – Dvp) < Dvx : PRG (X ; 100) * (100 – Dvp)/100 • With • Dvx = lifetime of GHG X. • PRG (X ; 100) = GWP of GHG X over 100 years • Dvp = lifetime of product • In the database, • The elementary flows will include their lifetime • The tools will calculate the delay for regarded PCR with an updatable table Nom du service

26. Glass 27

27. Glass needed in PCR • GT 1 : Food • Packaging one way, refillable and colored • GT 2 : Electrical and electronicalequipment : • Screens • Bulbs • GT7 : furniture • Flat glass • GT10 : sport articles (glassfiber) Nom du service

28. Impact categories • GT 1 : Food • Greenhouse effet • Water consumption • Eutrophication • Aquatic ecotoxicity • GT 2 : Electrical and electronical equipment : • Greenhouse effect • Resource depletion • GT7 : furniture • Greenhouse effect • Acidification • Eutrophication • Resource depletion • Photochemical oxydants production • GT10 : sport articles (glasfiber) • Greenhouse effect • Acidification • Eutrophication • Impacts the most present : • Greenhouse effect • Eutrophication • Acidification/resource depletion Nom du service

29. PCR requirements • No particular need, all GT: • Specific data • Type and quantity of materials • Forming processes (specifically or included in raw material) • Secondary data • Impacts of raw material production and forming Nom du service

30. Data need – Technological representativeness ListestablishedfromPreliminarystudy and complementaryresearch

31. Data need – Technological representativeness • Must all those categories have an inventory? (e.g. sealing glass is included in electronic processes) • Must those categories be more differentiated? • Are there types of glass missing? • For product directly coming from glass production site (e.g. glassware), do we need inventories for glass raw materials (soda, sand…)? Since quantities and other parameters may be specific. • What is the ideal list of inventories to be integrated into the database?

32. Container glass – Refillable glass • Should inventories be distinct between refillable bottles and one-way bottles? • If refillable glass is distinct, should/may the amount of rotations be a specific parameter in PCR for beverages? • We need to have an inventory for washing the bottles

33. Data need – Geographical representativeness • What parameters differentiate a region from another? • What geography level shall we consider (country, continental, world) • Is it possible to estimate glass production in other continent from European data?

34. Existing data Nom du service

35. Existing data • One will use data on wood for building products • Might there be major differences on some of these data with wood and wood processing for furniture ? • FEVE • How deep can FEVE inventory be disaggregated? In particular: • Is it possible to have an inventory « glass, refillable », • is it possible to have only the impacts of electricity consumption?

36. Data need vs. existing data Data available in GaBi and ecoinvent Data available in one database Unavailable data

37. Soda allocation • Solvay process (or ammonia process) produces soda and calcium chloride • Soda allocation factor • ecoinvent: 33% based on economic allocation, world market • FEVE: 100%, because calcium chloride is a by-product not valued • What about GaBi? • Proposition: 100 % allocation to soda

38. Recycling allocation • BPX requires allocation based on collection rate • Two solutions to model recycling credit • Inventories 100 % primary or 100 % secondary allow choosing recycling content and end of life recycling rate but are not representative of any reality This approach is not used nor recommended by FEVE Is it possible/acceptable to have such inventories? Do they represent the reality when combined? • Average inventories represent closed loop systems, and are suitable for collection rate based allocation To databases suppliers: would it be possible to adapt the collection rate to France situation? • Should flat glass, packaging glass and other glasses collection rates be differentiated? • Should processes of recycling be differentiated ? Is it always closed loop ?