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ENVIRONMENTAL LABELLING LCA ADEME database Technical Committee: « Wood and Glass » April 24th 2012. Olivier Réthoré ADEME Service Eco-conception & Consommation Durable (SECCD) With Intertek RDC (Isabelle Descos, Matthieu Gillis). Agenda. Goal and scope For wood and glass
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ENVIRONMENTAL LABELLING LCA ADEME database Technical Committee: « Wood and Glass » April 24th 2012 Olivier Réthoré ADEME Service Eco-conception & Consommation Durable (SECCD) With Intertek RDC (Isabelle Descos, Matthieu Gillis)
Agenda • Goal and scope • For wood and glass • Particular methodological choices • Data need • Existing data
Goal and scope • Goal: to establish short term and long term needs in terms of LCI data to give specifications to Ecoinvent and PE in order to feed ADEME’s DB • Scope: • for furniture and beds because the PCR have been validated • for packaging because transverse issue
Meeting approach For each type of wood or glass: • Analyze the inventory data need from: • The preliminary study conclusions: « Elaboration d’un plan de développement d’une base publique de données d’ACV comme support à l’affichage » • PCR for furniture and bed • Knowledge about packaging • Determine the appropriate granulometry • Regarding • Technological representativeness • Geographical representativeness • Temporal representativeness • Considering for each differentiation • The relative environmental impact • The information accessibility for the industrial (specific data) • The short term data availability in existing databases (generic data) • Propose a list of inventories to be integrated into ADEME database
ADEME database content Processes LCI Flows*, flow property*,Unitgroups Unit Reference flow, Unitgroups Metadata Sources, contacts, external documents X Characterization factors* LCIA Method *Common data for all suppliers (to be given by the JRC) Result for each impact category
Data sources: 3 feeding modes • Purchasing existing or adapted data • From databases suppliers with which the ADEME has a framework contract • For both lots (7/wood and 8/glass): PE, ecoinvent • Data co-production • In order to fill missing data in specific sectors • Projects co-funded by ADEME with research and technical partners • Ex.: AgriBalyse for agriculture products, ACYVIA for food industry, etc. • Third party • In order to allow integrating data not yet available in existing databases • In order to promote assessment by the industry
Wood in GT • Wood is mainly needed in GT7 (furniture); some PCR are validated: “Proposition de projet de référentiel d’évaluation environnementale de produits d’ameublement”: • Meubles en bois • Literie • Siège rembourré • GT2, in hi-fi speakers • GT5, in shoe’s soles • GT11: non electrical tools
Impact categories • For all GT • Climate change – IPCC 2007 • Resource depletion – EDIP 97 (2004) (may change) • Furniture • Air acidification – Recipe 2008 • Photochemical oxidant formation – Recipe 2008 • GT2 (EEE) • Ecotoxicity (not validated) • GT5 (shoes) • Eutrophication – Recipe 2008 • GT11 • Aquatic ecotoxicity - Usetox
French Furniture Market • In 2008, the France market was structured as (data from IPEA): • 35% : Furnishing furniture; • 27% : Stuffed seats; • 23% : Kitchen furniture; • 11% : Bedding; • 3% : Bathroom furniture; • 1% : garden furniture. Nom du service
Furniture PCR requirements • PCR • Specific data • Quantity of each wood type (in mass or volume): see the list in next slides • Sustainable management of forests (to be defined by the methodological platform) • Wood machining (usinage) from sawn timber (sciage) • Electricity consumption • Quantity of finishing products • Semi-specific data • Generic data • Impacts of materials
Sustainable wood • How is it taken into account in databases? • The platform distinguishes two concepts • Renewability of resources: carbon withdrawal is taken into account for renewable resources (e.g. wood) whatever the origin • Sustainable management: impact on biodiversity. • There is no recognized indicator for biodiversity. • Discussion is in progress within GT8 (paper) Nom du service
Data need – Raw material • Solid wood • What are the differences between wood species from a LCA point of view? (e.g. more energy consumption, soil nutrient…) • Is the approach hardwood/softwood enough for short term? • Does it make sense to have a “wood, unspecified” • Are there types of wood missing? • Derived wood • Are the suggested categories differentiated enough? (e.g. different densities for fiberboard) • Are there types of wood missing? • Does a furniture manufacturer always know the wood species used in derived wood? NB: list established from preliminary study and PCR
Existing data – Softwood Nom du service
Existing data – Hardwood Nom du service
Existing data • One will use data on wood for building products Might there be major differences on some of these data with wood and wood processing for furniture ?
Data need vs. existing data Data available in GaBi and ecoinvent Data available in one database or unknown information Unavailable data
Data need – Geographical representativity • PCR does not require any geographical differentiation • What geographical level shall one consider: global ? Regional (temperate, tropical…)? National? • What are relevant parameters to differentiate a region from another? • The preliminary study does not give any statistics data for wood use regarding the production country • What are available statistical data regarding the origin of wood in products bought in France? • A study run by the methodological GT will complete these needs (in progress)
Data need – Forming processes • Forming processes are separated in two parts: • Preforming processes: before sawn timber purchased by furniture manufacturer ⇨ generic data included in raw material production • Machining processes: at furniture manufacturing plant ⇨ specific data: • Electricity consumption • Finishing products (see next slide)
Data need and Existing data – Finishing products • What are the data needed only for machining and assembling?
Data need – Packaging • Pallets • Wood boxes Do we need more than two average inventories? Are there other needs?
Production losses • PCR • requires 50/50 recycling allocation for production losses EM = EV - (0,5R1+0,5R2) EV’ + (0,5R1+0,5R2)ER +Ve (Echaudière - r3n*PCI*Echaleur - r4n*PCI*Eélec) + I*(1-0,5R1-0,5R2-Ve)* ( EiOM - r1n*PCIOM*Echaleur- r2n*PCIOM *Eélec) + (1-I)*(1-0,5R1-0,5R2-Ve) Ed • Are production losses always considered recycled? • Credits • What is (are) the recycling outlet(s)? (energy from wood, process panel…) • Must one inventory be used or an average? • Recycling process • Must the recycling process be differentiated by type of wood, type of outlet?
End of life • PCR: Recycling is not considered for furniture end-of-life in short term • French statistics for the end of life (source: “Dimensionnement de la filière pour la gestion des mobiliersménagers et professionels”, november 2010) • Material recycling: 25 % • Incineration: 33 % • Landfilling: 38 % • Other: 4 % • GaBi, ecoinvent and ELCD have data for treated and untreated wood landfilling and incineration
Emissions delay • BPX • Taking into account with following formulas: • If (100 – Dvp) > Dvx : PRG (X ; 100) • If (100 – Dvp) < Dvx : PRG (X ; 100) * (100 – Dvp)/100 • With • Dvx = lifetime of GHG X. • PRG (X ; 100) = GWP of GHG X over 100 years • Dvp = lifetime of product • In the database, • The elementary flows will include their lifetime • The tools will calculate the delay for regarded PCR with an updatable table Nom du service
Glass 27
Glass needed in PCR • GT 1 : Food • Packaging one way, refillable and colored • GT 2 : Electrical and electronicalequipment : • Screens • Bulbs • GT7 : furniture • Flat glass • GT10 : sport articles (glassfiber) Nom du service
Impact categories • GT 1 : Food • Greenhouse effet • Water consumption • Eutrophication • Aquatic ecotoxicity • GT 2 : Electrical and electronical equipment : • Greenhouse effect • Resource depletion • GT7 : furniture • Greenhouse effect • Acidification • Eutrophication • Resource depletion • Photochemical oxydants production • GT10 : sport articles (glasfiber) • Greenhouse effect • Acidification • Eutrophication • Impacts the most present : • Greenhouse effect • Eutrophication • Acidification/resource depletion Nom du service
PCR requirements • No particular need, all GT: • Specific data • Type and quantity of materials • Forming processes (specifically or included in raw material) • Secondary data • Impacts of raw material production and forming Nom du service
Data need – Technological representativeness ListestablishedfromPreliminarystudy and complementaryresearch
Data need – Technological representativeness • Must all those categories have an inventory? (e.g. sealing glass is included in electronic processes) • Must those categories be more differentiated? • Are there types of glass missing? • For product directly coming from glass production site (e.g. glassware), do we need inventories for glass raw materials (soda, sand…)? Since quantities and other parameters may be specific. • What is the ideal list of inventories to be integrated into the database?
Container glass – Refillable glass • Should inventories be distinct between refillable bottles and one-way bottles? • If refillable glass is distinct, should/may the amount of rotations be a specific parameter in PCR for beverages? • We need to have an inventory for washing the bottles
Data need – Geographical representativeness • What parameters differentiate a region from another? • What geography level shall we consider (country, continental, world) • Is it possible to estimate glass production in other continent from European data?
Existing data Nom du service
Existing data • One will use data on wood for building products • Might there be major differences on some of these data with wood and wood processing for furniture ? • FEVE • How deep can FEVE inventory be disaggregated? In particular: • Is it possible to have an inventory « glass, refillable », • is it possible to have only the impacts of electricity consumption?
Data need vs. existing data Data available in GaBi and ecoinvent Data available in one database Unavailable data
Soda allocation • Solvay process (or ammonia process) produces soda and calcium chloride • Soda allocation factor • ecoinvent: 33% based on economic allocation, world market • FEVE: 100%, because calcium chloride is a by-product not valued • What about GaBi? • Proposition: 100 % allocation to soda
Recycling allocation • BPX requires allocation based on collection rate • Two solutions to model recycling credit • Inventories 100 % primary or 100 % secondary allow choosing recycling content and end of life recycling rate but are not representative of any reality This approach is not used nor recommended by FEVE Is it possible/acceptable to have such inventories? Do they represent the reality when combined? • Average inventories represent closed loop systems, and are suitable for collection rate based allocation To databases suppliers: would it be possible to adapt the collection rate to France situation? • Should flat glass, packaging glass and other glasses collection rates be differentiated? • Should processes of recycling be differentiated ? Is it always closed loop ?