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Technical Fundamentals of EPP Power Scientific Certification Systems, Inc. Chet Chaffee

Technical Fundamentals of EPP Power Scientific Certification Systems, Inc. Chet Chaffee. CEA-NRCan Workshop Session Two The Fundamentals of Alternatives November 25, 2002. Industry Experience Over 18 years in certification Only private environmental labelling company Technical Background

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Technical Fundamentals of EPP Power Scientific Certification Systems, Inc. Chet Chaffee

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  1. Technical Fundamentalsof EPP Power Scientific Certification Systems, Inc. Chet Chaffee CEA-NRCan Workshop Session Two The Fundamentals of Alternatives November 25, 2002

  2. Industry Experience • Over 18 years in certification • Only private environmental labelling company • Technical Background • PhD - Forestry, Biology, Chemistry, Chemical Engineering • MA - Chemistry, Biology, Food Science, Chemical Engineering, Journalism

  3. Worldwide Certification Experience • Forestry • USA • Canada • Sweden • Brazil • Argentina • Recycled Content • USA • Brazil • Canada • China • Mexico • Chile • Australia • Life Cycle • USA • Canada • Sweden • Australia • Food Safety • USA • Canada • Mexico • South America • Europe • Electricity Generation • USA • Canada • Sweden • Korea • Fisheries • Australia • Brazil • Chile • Canada • USA • Germany • Mexico

  4. SCS Power Certification Program Environmental assessment of power generation sources and options, for internal planning and management, policy analysis, and certification of environmentally preferable power options. Energy Industry Clients Safe Harbor Water Power Co. Exelon PSE&G PG&E Chelan Co. PUD Tennessee Valley Authority Canadian Electricity Association Independent Peer Reviewers EPA - Systems Analysis Branch NREL US Fish and Wildlife State of Pennsylvania State of Maryland Los Alamos National Laboratory Regional Habitat Experts

  5. Presentation Overview Focus: There is only one Fundamental The Evaluation of power generation must use one method applied equally to all circumstances and technologies Method: Life-Cycle Assessment

  6. Making Valid Comparisons Coal Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Wind Biomass Fuel Resources X X X X X Air Emissions X Water Effluents X Solid Wastes X Haz. Waste X Habitat Loss X X Species Mortality X X

  7. Making Valid Comparisons Coal Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Wind Biomass Fuel Resources X X X X X X Air Emissions X X X X X X Water Effluents XXX X X X Solid Wastes XX X X X X Haz. Waste XX X X X X Habitat LossXX X X X X Species Mortality XX X X X X

  8. Life-Cycle Assessment

  9. Accurate Science-based Produces a quantitative “Impact Profile” footprint of a generation source All assessments are peer reviewable Comprehensive Addresses full range of environmental issues to ensure that both benefits and trade-offs are understood The Rationale for Using Life-Cycle Assessment Uniform LCA has been standardized internationally by ISO 14000 Level playing field of assessment and comparison Universally applicable in assessment of all improvement options (power generation, DG, conservation)

  10. Resource Extraction Inputs Outputs Fuel Processing Transportation Power Plant Operation Transmission And Delivery Waste Management Impacts The Scope of Life-Cycle Assessment

  11. The Recognized Stages of LCA The Recognized Stages of LCA Science Base Science Base • Goals and Scoping - ISO 14040 • Goals and Scoping - ISO 14040 • Life-Cycle Inventory Analysis (LCI)- ISO 14041 • Life-Cycle Inventory Analysis (LCI)- ISO 14041 • LIfe-Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) -ISO 14042 • LIfe-Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) -ISO 14042

  12. LCSEA LCI Str essor LCIA Envir on. Emission Unit Inventor y V alue Charact. Result Charact. Loading Oper . Emission (ton/30a) Factor (ton/30a) Fact. (ton/30a) Coal SOx 31620 1.00 31620 0.5 15810 mining / NOx 9660 0.70 6762 0.3 2029 transpor t HCl 270 0.88 238 0.5 1 19 CaO SOx 240 1.00 240 0.15 36 pr oduct/ NOx 1260 0.70 882 0.075 66 transpor t Coal SOx 50190 1.00 50190 0.15 7529 use NOx 36480 0.70 25536 0.075 1915 HCl 15210 0.88 13385 0.15 2008 128,853 t 29,512 t 144,930 t

  13. Life Cycle of Generation Technologies Coal Nuclear Hydro Wind Biomass Fuel Extraction X X X Transport X Fuel Processing X Elec. Generation X X X Transmission X X X X X

  14. Life Cycle of Generation Technologies Coal Nuclear Hydro Wind Biomass Fuel Extraction X X X X X Transport X X X X X Fuel Processing X X X X X Elec. Generation X X X X X Transmission X X X X X

  15. Establishing the Baseline Determining the WECC Regional Power Pool Average Environmental Impact Profile

  16. The Western States Energy Grid WECC

  17. Geothermal Biomass Wind Solar RPS Renewables 6% The Production Mix Constituting the WECC LCIA Baseline Natural Gas: 5% Nuclear: 13.6% Hydro: 39 % Coal: 36.4%

  18. Renewable Portfolio Standard WECC Preliminary WECC

  19. END

  20. Life Cycle Assessment • Life Cycle Inventory • Identify Types and Amounts of Electrical Generation • Set Up Model • Collect Input and Output Data • Calculate Inventory • Life Cycle Impact Assessment • Categorize Environmental Data (by Impact Indicator) • Characterize Stressors and Environment to determine stressor • characterization and environmental characterization factors • Calculate Environmental Indicator • Physical Disturbance • Identify Locations of Plants by Type • Collect Data on Habitat Disturbance by Type of Production • Normalize Habitat Disturbance to power output

  21. Habitat Disruption per Unit of Energy Produced 1100 1000 2500 900 800 2000 700 600 1500 500 400 1000 300 200 500 100 Safe Harbor Lake Chelan Conowingo Mokelumne

  22. Habitat Disruption per Unit of Energy Produced 1100 1000 2500 900 800 2000 700 600 1500 500 400 1000 300 200 500 100 Lake Chelan Conowingo Mokelumne Conawapa Safe Harbor

  23. Environmental Impact Indicators Relevant To Energy Production Sustainability of Net depletion of energy resources Natural Resources Net depletion of other resources Physical Disturbance Terrestrial/Aquatic Habitat Disruption Increased Mortality of Key Species Emission and Greenhouse Gases Waste Loadings Acidifying Gases Ground Level Ozone Gases Particulates Stratospheric Ozone Depleting Gases Eutrophying Chemicals Hazardous Air Pollutants Toxic Water Effluents Untreatable Hazardous/Radioactive Wastes

  24. Analyzing Data Under LCIA

  25. WECC Baseline 85,700 toe 11,480 acres TBD 527,000 ton CO2 eq. 1 ton SOx eq. 34 tons O3 eq. 24 tons 0.04 tons CFC-11 eq. 0.0013 tons Hg eq. 97,000 IBHP U ore eq.

  26. Renewable Portfolio Standard Baseline in the WECC Environmental Impact Baseline 161,000 toe 57,900 acres TBD 600,000 ton CO2 eq. 2.5 ton SOx eq. 160 tons O3 eq. 42 tons negligible TBD negligible

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