ENGM91 ACTIVITY PLANNING Unit 2

1. ENGM91 ACTIVITY PLANNINGUnit 2

2. Introduction 1 • The unit will cover • Work breakdown structure (WBS) • Product breakdown Structure (PBS) • An introduction to system modelling • Precedence analysis • Gantt Charts • PERT / CPA • On Arrow Networks • Precedence Networks • Also ….. • Microsoft Project will be covered in labs • This is based on Gantt Charts and Precedence Networks

3. Introduction 2 • Activity Planning will help to: • ensure that the appropriate resources will be available precisely when required • avoid different activities competing for the same resource at the same time • produce a detailed schedule showing which staff carry out each activity • Produce a detailed plan against which actual achievement may be measured • produce a timed forecast • re-plan the project during its life to correct drift from a target

4. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) • WBS is the decomposition of work into progressively smaller and smaller chunks of work. • The logical conclusion is when work cannot be usefully broken down any further for the tasks being undertaken

5. Work Breakdown Structure Project Conduct Investigation Produce Report

6. Work Breakdown Structure • Top Level Project • Level 1 Conduct Investigation

7. Work Breakdown Structure Conduct Investigation Conduct interviews Investigate other systems Analyse requirements Investigate hardware

8. Work Breakdown Structure • Top Level Project • Level 1 Conduct Investigation • Level 2 Conduct Interviews

9. Work Breakdown Structure Conduct interviews Managing director Finance director Stores manager Sales manager

10. Work Breakdown Structure • Top Level Project • Level 1 Conduct Investigation • Level 2 Conduct Interviews • Level 3 Interview Managing Director

11. Work Breakdown Structure Interview MD Conduct interview Write and review notes Create data flow diagrams Review data flow diagrams

12. Work Breakdown Structure • Top Level Project • Level 1 Conduct Investigation • Level 2 Conduct Interviews • Level 3 Interview Managing Director • Level 4 Conduct Interview

13. Product Breakdown Structure (PBS) • Similar to WBS • PBS is the break down of a product into it’s discrete components. • a PBS can be included as part of a WBS

14. Product Breakdown Structure (PBS)

15. Product Breakdown Structure (PBS)

16. Product Breakdown Structure (PBS) • An example pbs – taken from a US MIL handbook

17. System Modelling

18. System Modelling • Start/End • Activity • Wait • Decision

19. Flow Chart Exercise • Working in pairs produce flow chart that shows how you would make a hot drink. • This could be: tea, coffee, chocolate or any other hot drink that your team agrees. • The flow chart should ideally cover only one side of A4. You will be provided with A4 paper. • When complete you must scan your flow chart and email to me. • You will be given the time allowed in class.

20. System Modellinganother view • IDEF0 ... figure 1 is take from the original official IDEF0 manual.

21. IDEF0

22. IDEF0

23. WBS and PBS • WBS, PBS and system modelling will assist in an understanding of the project • WBS and PBS must be done to allow Precedence analysis to take place • WBS and PBS do not necessarily set the precedence of a project • Precedence within a project should be based on what is best for the timely and economic completion of the project

24. Precedence analysis • Must be done before an activity plan can be produced • Reviews the activities that are to be carried out • Decides what activities must be carried out before particular activity can start

25. Gantt Charts • Developed by Henry Gantt, around 1917 • Gantt charts are easy to use and produce • They are very useful for use on less complex projects • Commonly used due to there simplicity • Gantt charts are easily understood and easy to read

26. Gantt Charts • Developed by Henry Gantt, around 1917 • Gantt charts are easy to use and produce • They are very useful for use on less complex projects • Commonly used due to there simplicity • Gantt charts are easily understood and easy to read

27. Gantt Charts

28. Gantt Charts

29. Gantt Charts

30. Gantt Charts

31. Gantt Charts

32. Gantt Charts

33. Gantt Charts • Draw the following Gantt chart Tasks Precedence Time a - 5 days b - 4 days c a 6 days d b 2 days e b 5 days f c,d 8 days

34. Gantt Charts

35. Network planning models • PERT • The Program Evaluation and Review Technique • Developed by: • US Navy with • BOOZ-Allen Hamilton and • Lockheed Corporation for the • Polaris missile/submarine project in 1958

36. Network planning models • CPM • Critical Path Method • Also know as CPA • Critical Path Analysis • Developed by • DuPont Inc in the • Late fifties early sixties to facilitate • building of complex process plant

37. Network planning models • PERT • developed for use on R&D projects • CPM • developed for use in construction projects • When developed the two techniques were very similar • Now there is virtually no difference between the two

38. d 2 a g 5 e b End Start 1 5 3 h c f 5 4 Network planning models • A simple on arrow network model

39. Terminology • Activity • A specific task, uses resources takes time to complete • Event • The result of completing an activity • Events use no resources • They are instances in time, points on the network, conditions of a system that can be recognised

40. Terminology • Network • The combination or all activities (often drawn as lines) and events (often drawn as nodes at the beginning and end of each line) defines the project and the activity precedence relationship. • Arrow heads placed on the lines indicate the direction of flow. Before and an event can be realised all the activities that immediately precede it must be completed

41. Terminology • Path • The series of connected activities (or intermediate events) between any two events in a network • Critical • Activities, events, or paths, which, if delayed, will delay the completion of the project • A project’s criticalpath is understood to mean that sequence of critical activities (and critical events) that connect the project’s start event to its finish event

42. 2 C=3 A=6 6 3 H=2 4 1 D=4 B=4 E=3 G=3 5 F=10 Terminology • On Arrow Network diagram showing critical path in red

43. Network syntax • Time moves from left to right • Nodes are numbered sequentially • A network may not contain loops • A network may not contain dangles • Precedents are the immediate preceding activities • Dummy activities can be used to indicate a particular precedence

44. a b 1 2 3 Network syntax • Time moves from left to right • Nodes are numbered sequentially

45. 4 d c a 1 2 3 b This is not allowed Network syntax • A network may not contain loops

46. b a 1 2 3 c 4 This is not allowed Network syntax • A network may not contain dangles

47. Design Build Commission 1 2 3 4 Network syntax • Precedents are the immediate preceding activities

48. a c Wrong 1 2 3 b a 2 1 Right c b 3 4 Network syntax • Dummy activities can be used to indicate a particular precedence

49. On Arrow Networks • Draw the following as an on arrow network Tasks Precedence Time a - 5 days b - 4 days c a 6 days d b 2 days e b 5 days f c,d 8 days

50. 2 a start 1 b 3 On Arrow Networks • How to start …..