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The Microscope

The Microscope. The History. Many people experimented with making microscopes Was the microscope originally made by accident? (Most people were creating telescopes) The Greeks & Romans used “lenses” to magnify objects over 1000 years ago. The History.

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The Microscope

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  1. The Microscope

  2. The History • Many people experimented with making microscopes • Was the microscope originally made by accident? (Most people were creating telescopes) • The Greeks & Romans used “lenses” to magnify objects over 1000 years ago.

  3. The History • Hans and Zacharias Janssen of Holland in the 1590’s created the “first” compound microscope • Anthony van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke made improvements by working on the lenses Robert Hooke 1635-1703 Anthony van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723 Hooke Microscope

  4. The History The “First” Microscope Zacharias Jansen 1588-1631

  5. How a Microscope Works Convex Lenses are curved glass used to make microscopes (and glasses etc.) Convex Lenses bend light and focus it in one spot.

  6. How a Microscope Works Ocular Lens (Magnifies Image) Objective Lens (Gathers Light, Magnifies And Focuses Image Inside Body Tube) Body Tube (Image Focuses) • Bending Light: The objective (bottom) convex lens magnifies and focuses (bends) the image inside the body tube and the ocular convex (top) lens of a microscope magnifies it (again).

  7. The Parts of a Microscope

  8. Ocular Lens Body Tube Nose Piece Arm Objective Lenses Stage Stage Clips Coarse Adj. Diaphragm Fine Adjustment Light Source Base Skip to Magnification Section

  9. Body Tube • The body tube holds the objective lenses and the ocular lens at the proper distance Diagram

  10. Nose Piece • The Nose Piece holds the objective lenses and can be turned to increase the magnification Diagram

  11. Objective Lenses • The Objective Lenses increase magnification (usually from 10x to 40x) Diagram

  12. Stage Clips • These 2 clips hold the slide/specimen in place on the stage. Diagram

  13. Diaphragm • The Diaphragm controls the amount of light on the slide/specimen Turn to let more light in or to make dimmer. Diagram

  14. Light Source • Projects light upwards through the diaphragm, the specimen and the lenses • Some have lights, others have mirrors where you must move the mirror to reflect light Diagram

  15. Ocular Lens/Eyepiece • Magnifies the specimen image Diagram

  16. Arm • Used to support the microscope when carried. Holds the body tube, nose piece and objective lenses Diagram

  17. Stage • Supports the slide/specimen Diagram

  18. Coarse Adjustment Knob • Moves the stage up and down (quickly) for focusing your image Diagram

  19. Fine Adjustment Knob • This knob moves the stage SLIGHTLY to sharpen the image Diagram

  20. Base • Supports the microscope Diagram

  21. Magnification

  22. Magnification • To determine your magnification…you just multiply the ocular lens by the objective lens • Ocular 10x Objective 40x:10 x 40 = 400 So the object is 400 times “larger” Objective Lens have their magnification written on them. Ocular lenses usually magnifies by 10x

  23. Caring for a Microscope • Clean only with a soft cloth/tissue or special lens paper • Make sure the microscope is on a flat surface away from the edge of the table • Don’t bang it • Carry a microscope with 2 HANDS…one on the arm and the other on the base

  24. Carry a Microscope Correctly

  25. Using a Microscope • Start on the lowest magnification • Don’t use the coarse adjustment knob on high magnification…you’ll break the slide!!! • Place slide on stage and lock clips • Adjust light source (if it’s a mirror…don’t stand in front of it!) • Use fine adjustment to focus - start with objective close to slide and adjust away from the slide

  26. References • http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n17/history/neurons1_i.htm • Google Images • http://science.howstuffworks.com/light-microscope1.htm

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