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Sustainability and the Mahomet Aquifer

Sustainability and the Mahomet Aquifer. WMRC Seminar Series on Sustainability January 16, 2008. Allen Wehrmann, P.E., P.H.(GW), D.WRE, Director Center for Groundwater Science, Illinois State Water Survey. Special thanks to:. Ed Mehnert Hydrogeology Section Illinois State Geological Survey.

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Sustainability and the Mahomet Aquifer

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  1. Sustainability and the Mahomet Aquifer WMRC Seminar Series on Sustainability January 16, 2008 Allen Wehrmann, P.E., P.H.(GW), D.WRE, Director Center for Groundwater Science, Illinois State Water Survey

  2. Special thanks to: Ed Mehnert Hydrogeology Section Illinois State Geological Survey George Roadcap Derek Winstanley Illinois State Water Survey

  3. 0 4 8 12 16 20 MILES The Mahomet Aquifer Region Watseka WOODFORD CO Peoria NORTH Morton FORD CO Normal IROQUOIS CO Pekin Gibson City Hoopeston Bloomington` Paxton TAZEWELL CO CHAMPAIGN CO VERMILION CO MCLEAN CO Havana Rantoul Mahomet MASON CO LOGAN CO Danville DEWITT CO Clinton Urbana Lincoln Champaign MENARD CO PIATT CO CASS CO Monticello MACON CO Petersburg Bedrock “high” – aquifer absent Decatur Proposed ethanol plants using Mahomet Aquifer as principal source Springfield

  4. Sustainability “…the ability to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.” United Nations Brundtland Commission, 1987

  5. Groundwater Sustainability “…development and use of groundwater in a manner that can be maintained for an indefinite time without causing unacceptable environmental, economic, or social consequences.” USGS Circular 1186, 1999

  6. The Hydrologic Cycle Climate, surface water, and groundwater are linked

  7. Porous Systems Porosity = volume of pore space / total volume of porous material

  8. Aquifers vs. Aquitards Anaquiferis a saturated bed, formation, or group of formations which yields water in sufficient quantity to be of consequence as a source of supply. Anaquitardyields inappreciable quantities of water to wells compared to an aquifer but through which leakage of water is possible. Aquitards often act as confining beds.

  9. Unconfined vs. Confined Groundwater Anunconfinedaquifer is one in which groundwater possesses a free surface open to the atmosphere. The upper surface of the zone of saturation is called thewater table. Aconfinedaquifer is one in which groundwater is confined under pressure by overlying and underlying aquitards or aquicludes and water levels in wells rise above the top of the aquifer. Also called anartesian aquifer.

  10. Unconfined Aquifers Land Surface Unsaturated (Vadose) Zone Water Table Saturated Zone Unconfined Aquifer Bedrock

  11. Confined Aquifers Land Surface Unsaturated (Vadose) Zone Water Table Unconfined Aquifer Saturated Zone Potentiometric Surface Confining Layer - Aquitard Confined Aquifer Bedrock

  12. Confined Aquifers & Artesian Wells Flowing artesian well Land surface Water table Aquifer

  13. Groundwater – Stream Interaction Regional Flow Systems

  14. Groundwater – Stream Interaction Regional Flow Systems

  15. Groundwater – Stream Interaction Regional Flow Systems

  16. Groundwater – Stream Interaction Regional Flow Systems

  17. Regional Bedrock Topography Green= higher elevations Light violet= lower elevations

  18. 0 4 8 12 16 20 MILES The Mahomet Aquifer Region Watseka WOODFORD CO Peoria NORTH Morton FORD CO Normal IROQUOIS CO Pekin Gibson City Hoopeston Bloomington` Paxton TAZEWELL CO CHAMPAIGN CO VERMILION CO MCLEAN CO Havana Rantoul Mahomet MASON CO LOGAN CO Danville DEWITT CO Clinton Urbana Lincoln Champaign MENARD CO PIATT CO CASS CO Monticello MACON CO Petersburg Bedrock “high” – aquifer absent Decatur Proposed ethanol plants using Mahomet Aquifer as principal source Springfield

  19. Illinois Geology:glacial materials

  20. Glacial Depositional Processes

  21. Geology of the Mahomet Aquifer

  22. Vertical Slice along the Mahomet Valley Thalweg

  23. Major Sand & Gravel Aquifers

  24. Withdrawals from Sand & Gravel Aquifers

  25. Regional Community Groundwater Use

  26. Cone of Depression Well/Aquifer Interactions

  27. Overlapping Cones of Depression: Well Interference Well/Aquifer Interactions

  28. Overlapping Cones of Depression: Well Interference A B Well/Aquifer Interactions

  29. Overlapping Cones of Depression: Well Interference B A Well/Aquifer Interactions

  30. Overlapping Cones of Depression: Well Interference B A Well/Aquifer Interactions

  31. Overlapping Cones of Depression Well/Aquifer Interactions

  32. Mahomet Aquifer Groundwater Levels 550 580 680 610 10-foot contour Flow direction

  33. Mahomet Water Levels by the Illinois River Land Surface = 485’ MSL elevation

  34. Potentiometric Surface of Eastern Mahomet Aquifer, 2005 Rantoul Champaign-Urbana Danville Monticello

  35. Mahomet Potentiometric Heads near Champaign

  36. Water UseTrend at Champaign

  37. Withdrawals vs. Head in Mahomet Aquifer near Champaign

  38. Mahomet aquifer nonpumping (artesian) head Mahomet aquifer pumping heads Pump settings P Impacts of pumping on water levels (head) High-capacity well Low-capacity well Glacial till P P P Mahomet aquifer

  39. Mahomet nonpumping Glasford nonpumping Mahomet pumping Glasford pumping Impact of pumping hydraulically linked aquifers Glacial Till P Dewatered aquifer Glasford Aquifer P Glacial Till P Mahomet Aquifer

  40. ? Interaquifer Connections to the Sangamon River Mahomet nonpumping head Glasford nonpumping head Glasford pumping head Mahomet pumping head Decatur #2 Glacial Till SangamonRiver Glasford Aquifer Glacial Till Mahomet Aquifer Well/Aquifer Interactions

  41. Vertical Slice along the Thalweg

  42. ISWS Regional Flow Model Predicted Heads

  43. Potentiometric Surface of the Glasford Aquifer 2007

  44. Observation Wells near Champaign Existing New

  45. Model-Predicted Drawdown Q = 23 mgd at Champaign

  46. 0 4 8 12 16 20 MILES The Mahomet Aquifer Region Watseka WOODFORD CO Peoria NORTH Morton FORD CO Normal IROQUOIS CO Pekin Gibson City Hoopeston Bloomington` Paxton TAZEWELL CO CHAMPAIGN CO VERMILION CO MCLEAN CO Havana Rantoul Mahomet MASON CO LOGAN CO Danville DEWITT CO Clinton Urbana Lincoln Champaign MENARD CO PIATT CO CASS CO Monticello MACON CO Petersburg Bedrock “high” – aquifer absent Decatur Proposed ethanol plants using Mahomet Aquifer as principal source Springfield

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