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Landmarks for Routing – Automatic Identification, Extraction and Visualization

Landmarks for Routing – Automatic Identification, Extraction and Visualization. Birgit Elias, Monika Sester Institute for Cartography and Geoinformatics University of Hannover. Routing-Application in the Internet. [www.maporama.com]. Approach. Human route directions:

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Landmarks for Routing – Automatic Identification, Extraction and Visualization

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  1. Landmarks for Routing – Automatic Identification, Extraction and Visualization Birgit Elias, Monika Sester Institute for Cartography and Geoinformatics University of Hannover

  2. Routing-Application in the Internet [www.maporama.com] 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  3. Approach • Human route directions: • Behind the church turn left... • Cross the bridge and then turn right... • Behind the town hall... • Drive past the playground... • Navigation system: • Follow the road for 197 m • After 250 m turn right • Turn in 1000 m • Demand: directions closer to human user requirements 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  4. Landmarks Content Identification Visualization Extraction 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  5. Landmarks Content Identification Visualization Extraction 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  6. Definition Landmark • Figure-background contrast • Key characteristics makes them recognizable • Particular visual characteristic • Unique purpose or meaning • Central or prominent location • Growing salience of landmarks with increasing characteristics Object or structure that marks a locality is a point of reference is salient in its environment 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  7. Data Sources for Landmarks • Wide-area and automatic derivation • Digital data sets: • ATKIS (Authoritative Topographic-Cartographic Information System) • ALK (digital cadastral map) • Extensions are possible: • POI (yellow pages, car navigation datasets) • Images of buildings (e.g. TeleInfo) • DTM (digital terrain model) • Road infrastructure (traffic lights, pedestrian crossings,...) 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  8. ATKIS • Authoritative Topographic-Cartographic Information System • Digital Landscape Model • Production of analog printed maps • Geobase information system • German-wide data • Object oriented • Vector data At the moment: • 121 feature types • 35 attributes • 237 attribute values 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  9. Content of ATKIS settlement • (Technical) buildings and land use in built-up areas transportation • All kind of traffic (road, rail, air...) vegetation • Land use (outside of settlements) and trees water • Water areas and buildings at waters districts • Place name, biological reserve • No buildings in the ATKIS database • Extraction from digital cadastral map (ALK) 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  10. Digital Cadastral Map (1:1000) Additional labels : - kindergarten - school - church - fire department - post office - bank - train station - city hall - theater - court 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  11. Landmarks Content Identification Visualization Extraction 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  12. Extraction Procedure • Preselection of potential landmarks from the feature catalogue • park, sport facilities, powerhouse • tunnel, bridges, open spaces, rails • river • Computation of route corridor (Dijkstra-algorithm) • Intersection of theme layers with route graph • Special areas, open spaces • Buildings • Automatic labeling of selected features • Combined presentation 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  13. Topographic Map (1:50.000) of Hannover 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  14. Route Corridor overlaid 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  15. ATKIS Base DLM – Road Network 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  16. Preselected Features: Special Areas / Open Spaces 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  17. Route Corridor with Buffer 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  18. Intersection: Buffer – Preselected Features 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  19. Output 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  20. Public buildings Residential buildings Outbuildings Underground build. Buildings from the Digital Cadastral Map (ALK) 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  21. Public buildings Residential buildings Outbuildings Underground build. Selection of Buildings with Label „Name / Function“ 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  22. Public buildings Residential buildings Outbuildings Underground build. Intersection: Buffer – Selected buildings 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  23. Output 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  24. Combination of all Extracted Landmarks 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  25. Landmarks Content Identification Visualization Extraction 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  26. Visualization of Landmarks • Visualization of extracted landmarks • Presentation of extracted features only • Important objects are (geometrically) enhanced with respect to their surrounding • Application dependent generalization • Use of generalization methods: • Simplification • Emphasize • Aggregation • Displacement 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  27. Original situation Highlight with color Different Possibilities • Enlargement / Reduction 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  28. Simplification of „background objects“ Result of simplification Different Possibilities (ff.) • Aggregation of „background objects“ • Result of aggregation 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  29. Simplification of „background objects“ Enlargement / Reduction 2.5D-presentation • Aggregation of „background objects“ 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  30. 2.5D presentation • Same height for all objects 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  31. 2.5D-presentation • decreasing degree of detail and height with increasing distance from target object 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

  32. Summary and Conclusion • Landmarks improve route descriptions • Automatic identification and extraction from ATKIS and digital cadastral map is effective • salience of landmarks • extraction rules • cartographic visualization • Visualization with method for automatic enhancement of objects using geometric generalization mechanisms • Provide set of options for geometric enhancement (Simplification, aggregation, reduction/enlargement) • Include 3rd dimension for highlighting • Empirical investigations concerning adequacy and usefulness of approach for navigation 08.07.2002 Workshop ISPRS/ICA

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