Understanding Reproductive System Disorders

1. Chapter 11Diseases of the Reproductive System

2. Female Organs and Function • Ovaries– store and mature eggs, release into fallopian tubes with help of frimbriae • Fallopian tubes – transport mature egg to uterus for expelling or fertilization • Uterus – supply womb for fetal growth, blood supply for placenta or lining for release during menstruation

3. Bartholin’s glands – secrete mucous for lubrication during sex • Hymen – membranous fold covering closing the vaginal opening • Breasts – accessory organs used for production of milk • Vagina - Birth canal • Cervix – opening of uterus for entry of sperm or exit for birth

4. Male Organs and Function • Prostate gland – secretes fluid to lubricate sperm • Penis – pathway for sperm, urine, contains the muscle which becomes erect for sex • Seminiferous tubules – Sperm development • Epididymis – Sperm enter after reaching maturity (coiled tube)

5. Vas deferens – store sperm for up to several weeks – enters the abdominal cavity, then into prostate for ejaculation through urethra • Scrotum- sac containing testis, epididymis • Testis – store the hormones, and future sperm which when ready to mature will enter seminiferous tubules

6. Signs and Symptoms • PID – lower abdominal pain, fever, vaginal discharge can have an odor, painful intercourse, painful urination, irregular bleeding • Fibroid tumors of uterus – Some have no symptoms, excessive vaginal bleeding, pelvic pressure, abdominal pain, abdominal enlargement, pain during intercourse • Breasts cysts – Tiny- fluid filled sacs in breast tissue

7. Fibroadenoma – Solid, firm tumor, usually painless • Amenorrhea – No menstrual period • Dysmenorrhea – cramping, dull to severe pelvic and lower back pain • Menorrhagia – Excessive or prolonged bleeding during period • Metrorrhagia – Bleeding between periods, extreme irregularity of cycle • PMS – Breast swelling and tenderness, acne, bloating, weight gain, headache, joint pain, food cravings, mood swings, fatigue, anxiety, depression, trouble sleeping

8. PDD – (dysphoric) – Feelings of sadness or despair, tension or anxiety, panic attacks, mood swings, anger that affects others, disinterest in relationships or daily activities, lack of focus, tiredness, food cravings, trouble sleeping, bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, joint pain, muscle pain • Endometriosis – Pelvic pain, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal bloating, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, fatigue • Ectopic pregnancy – Lower abdominopelvic pain, amenorrhea, metrorrhagia, nausea, breast tenderness, back pain, shock, sudden pain

9. Spontaneous abortion – Miscarriage – low back pain, abdominal pain, cramping, vaginal bleeding, clotlike discharge • Preeclampsia – Mild: HBP, protein in urine; Severe: also includes headache, blurred vision, fatigue, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, urinating small amounts, pain in upper right abdomen, SOB, bruise easily • Gestational Diabetes – Maternal hypertension, polyhudroamnios, excessive weight gain during last 6 months, fetus large for gestational age

10. Prostatitis – Acute: fever, chills, flu symptoms, pain in gland, lower back or groin pain, urinary problems, painful ejaculation, blood-tinged urine; Chronic: urgent urination, frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, pelvic pain, back pain, occasional blood in urine or semen, fever, painful ejaculation, recurring bladder infections. • Orchitis – testicular swelling, pain, tenderness, nausea, vomiting, fever, penile discharge, enlarged prostate and tenderness • STDs –gonhorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, herpes, HPV and genital warts

11. Menopause- hot flashes, night sweats, trouble sleeping, mood swings, trouble focusing, hair loss or thinning, facial hair growth, vaginal dryness • Uterine prolapse- Feelings of heaviness in pelvic area, urinary stress incontinence, lower back pain • Cystocele – Pelvic pressure, urinary urgency, frequency, incontinence • Rectocele – Discomfort, constipation, fecal incontinence

12. BPH – Night urination urge, frequent bladder need, difficulty urinating, urine stream decreases • Erectile dysfunction - Inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for intercourse