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South Africa: History

South Africa: History . Policies, People, and Places . A country blessed in natural resources and in beauty. World leader in production of diamonds and gold Mild climate that resembles San Francisco bay area weather. Colonization of South Africa.

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South Africa: History

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  1. South Africa: History Policies, People, and Places

  2. A country blessed in natural resources and in beauty • World leader in production of diamonds and gold • Mild climate that resembles San Francisco bay area weather.

  3. Colonization of South Africa • Colonized by Dutch and English in 17th century • English domination pushed Dutch descendents, known as Boers or Afrikaners, into establishing new colonies called Orange Free State and Transvaal

  4. English VS Boers (Afrikaners) Discovery of diamonds on Boer land in 1900 resulted in British invasion and sparked Boer War.

  5. Boer War: 1899-1902 Boers were outnumbered, but early battles were Boer victories. British recovered and began placing Boer women and children in huge concentration camps. War ended with Boer capitulation and an uneasy power-sharing between the two groups which lasted until the 1940s.

  6. The National Party • Gained majority in 1940s on platform of Apartheid • Invented by Afrikaners as a means to cement control over economic and social system. • Quickly became a way of extreme racial separation.

  7. Institutionalized racial discrimination=Apartheid • Under this system, 13 percent of the population controlled the rest. • Rested on 3 basic principles: • There were 4 official racial groups: White, African, Coloured, and Indian • Whites were the only “civilized” race, and therefore should exercise complete control over the others. • White interests always come before Black

  8. Initial Apartheid legislation Sought to define racial classifications and to guarantee racial “purity.” • 1949: Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act • 1959: Immorality Act prohibited Whites from marrying or having sexual relations with anyone of another racial group. • 1950 Population Registration Act provided framework for classifying every person by race in all of South Africa.

  9. Passbooks required for Native Africans Land Acts controlled all African movement in all urban areas and resulted in the need for Passbooks. Local officials could remove “idle or undesirable natives” who were found in urban areas longer than 72 hours.

  10. The hated passbooks • Included the African’s name, birthplace, tribal affiliation, picture, and serial number. • Unless it was signed each month by an employer, the Native African could be forced into a reservation with other unemployed men and women. • If an African traveled even just across the street, the police would check for his/her pass.

  11. Passbooks If an African stood outside his front door without his pass, police could haul him off to jail without notifying anyone. Murders went unsolved while the courts were jammed with Pass law offenders.

  12. Sharpeville Massacre • For years Africans endured the passbook system. • Pan-African Congress urged Native Africans to protest by showing up at local police stations, without passbooks, and demand to be arrested. • Throughout the country, Africans responded. • 20,000 showed up at the Sharpeville prison near Johannesburg. • Things got ugly; police opened fire on the crowd.

  13. Sharpeville: The beginning of the end… “My car was struck by a stone. If they do these things, they must learn their lesson” Hundreds dead--many shot in the back

  14. Anti-Apartheid leaders

  15. Nelson Mandela • President of the ANC (African National Congress) in 1951. • Between 1951-1960 he began to realize that nonviolence was not going to be effective, • 1962 arrested for leaving South Africa illegally and sentenced to 5 years in jail. • Tried a year later for treason and given life sentence on Robben Island • In this maximum security prison for 27 years. • Public discussion of him was illegal. • Freed on February 11, 1990 • In 1994 in the first free election, he was elected president.

  16. Nelson Mandela http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCZKZILvE70 Mandela in prison His famous number

  17. Steve Bikohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNmAcgdO2Ck • Founder of the Black Consciousness movement • 1973 was “banned” • September 7, 1977 was arrested and sustained a head injury during “interrogation.” • Doctor’s examined him while he was naked, lying on a mat, manacled to metal grille. • Sept. 11, he had slipped into a comma and was transported to a hospital 12 hours away. • Made the journey lying naked in the back of a Land Rover. • Died from brain damage on September 12—lying on the floor of a cell in Pretoria Prison

  18. Chris Hani http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0IGS2ZD_5A • Charismatic leader of South African Communist Party • Shot 4 times on April 10, 1993 in his own driveway • 4 days later, Dave Matthews Band began playing a song, #36, to honor Hani. • Starts with “Honey, Honey, come and dance with me,” which was originally written as “Hani, Hani, come and dance with me.” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=il5uQm_1vUE • People who killed him are still in prison.

  19. The Flag

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