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Friday, December 17 th , 2010

Comparing Handheld and Voice-Control Interfaces When Using Mobile Phones and Portable Music Players. Friday, December 17 th , 2010. Justin M. Owens Shane B. McLaughlin Jeremy Sudweeks. Introduction. Introduction Methodology Procedures Analysis Results Conclusions.

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Friday, December 17 th , 2010

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  1. Comparing Handheld and Voice-Control Interfaces When Using Mobile Phones and Portable Music Players Friday, December 17th, 2010 Justin M. Owens Shane B. McLaughlin Jeremy Sudweeks

  2. Introduction Introduction Methodology Procedures Analysis Results Conclusions • Background: Increasing number of electronic devices used in vehicles, requiring drivers take eyes off road. • Purpose: Determine whether a voice-control system offers driving performance advantages over manual control of mobile phones and music players. • Conducted on public, rural 65 mph roadway. • Tested 21 regular users of the voice-control system to avoid practice effects; younger (~20’s) and older (~40’s) age groups.

  3. SYNC Voice-Control System • System allows voice commands for dialing (“Call John Doe”) & MP3 track selection (“Play track Enter Sandman”), handsfree conversation Introduction Methodology Procedures Analysis Results Conclusions • Also implements text-to-speech text message reception and canned message sending*

  4. Experimental Design Introduction Methodology Procedures Analysis Results Conclusions Between Subjects Within Subjects Task (Baseline) Dial Contact Conversation Play Track Modality Handheld SYNC Age Younger Older

  5. Dependent Variables • Task Duration • First -> Last task-related movement • Task-Related Interior Glances • Number of Glances • Glance Duration • Steering Measures • Steering Variance • Max Steering Wheel Speed • Mental Demand • 1-7; Subscale of NASA TLX Introduction Methodology Procedures Analysis Results Conclusions

  6. Test Vehicle • 2010 Mercury Mariner with SYNC® • VTTI Instrumentation • Four cameras • Cabin audio • Accelerometers • Gyros • Forward radar • CAN connectivity for • Steering wheel angle • Speed • Brake on/off Introduction Methodology Procedures Analysis Results Conclusions

  7. Handheld Devices • Participants used personal mobile phone and portable music players for the handheld trials. • Phones: • 10 - Numeric physical keyboards • 7 - Touch screens • 4 - QWERTY keypads • Music Players: • 12 - Apple iPods with click-wheel • 4 - Touch screen (2 iPhones and 1 iPod Touch) • 5 - Other interfaces, including 1 Zune Introduction Methodology Procedures Analysis Results Conclusions

  8. Testing Procedures • 1.9 miles, 65 mph • Completed 6 laps • One task per leg, after participant reached comfortable speed • Two trials each • Handheld Dial • Handheld Play • Handheld Converse • Voice Dial • Voice Play • Voice Converse Introduction Methodology Procedures Analysis Results Conclusions Task Task

  9. Analysis Vehicle • Video analyzed by trained reductionists • Separate General Linear Models were conducted for all measures. • Post-hoc comparisons conducted using Tukey correction. Introduction Methodology Procedures Analysis Results Conclusions Video Reduction MATLAB MS SQL MS SQL

  10. Phone/MP3: Total Interior Glance Duration • Handheld Dial, Play had longer total eyes-interior duration than any other condition, including Baseline. Introduction Methodology Procedures Analysis Results Conclusions

  11. Phone/MP3: Steering Variance • Handheld Dial, Handheld Play higher steering variance than all conditions except each other. • Differences not found between Voice and Baseline. • Older drivers had more variance. Introduction Methodology Procedures Analysis Results Conclusions

  12. Results • Handheld dialing and music selection resulted in: • Longer time to complete tasks • More interior glances • Longer total glance duration • More steering variability • Faster (jerkier) steering corrections • All tasks had higher reported mental demand than baseline, but handheld tasks were rated the highest. • Voice control and conversation rarely differed from baseline measures. Introduction Methodology Procedures Analysis Results Conclusions

  13. Conclusions • Voice-control for placing calls and selecting tracks had less impact on driving than manual control. • No performance differences were found between voice and manual tasks during conversations. • In general, measures during conversation were not found to be different from baseline driving. • Older drivers had more difficulty during manual dialing and track selection. • All tasks had higher reported mental demand than baseline, but handheld dialing/music were highest Introduction Methodology Procedures Analysis Results Conclusions

  14. Acknowledgments & References • Thanks to Ford Motor Company for funding and test vehicle. • John Shutko, point of contact Owens, J.M., McLaughlin, S.B., & Sudweeks, J. (2010). On-Road comparison of driving performance measures when using handheld and voice-control interfaces for mobile phones and portable music players. SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars – Mech. Syst. 3(1): 734-743. *Owens, J.M., McLaughlin, S.B., & Sudweeks, J. (In Press), Driver performance while text messaging using handheld and in-vehicle systems. Accid. Anal. Prev., doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.019

  15. Questions?

  16. Summary: Comparison to Baseline p < 0.05

  17. Summary: Voice compared to Handheld p < 0.05

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