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The Road to The French Revolution

The Road to The French Revolution. 1789. France Under The Old Regime. Form of government/division of society in France for centuries Society basically divided into rich or poor Taxes? Absolute monarch Misused power --> angered poor

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The Road to The French Revolution

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  1. The Road to The French Revolution 1789

  2. France Under The Old Regime • Form of government/division of society in France for centuries • Society basically divided into rich or poor • Taxes? • Absolute monarch • Misused power --> angered poor • Louis XIV – created Versailles, France strongest nation • Louis XV (1714-1775) – engaged in costly wars, national debt soars • Louis XVI (1774-1789) - weak and indecisive, but spent $

  3. Old Regime First Estate Second Estate Third Estate The Three Estates(French Society)

  4. The First Estate • Religious leaders – Clergy • Less than 1% of 25 million • Owned 1/5 (20%) of land • NO TAXES

  5. The Second Estate • Nobility – 2% of population • Many privileges & land ownership (30%) • Paid few taxes  collected them from peasants • High government positions  influence over Louis XVI

  6. The Third Estate • 97% of population (24 million+) • Serfs & peasants • Bourgeoisie – middle class • Merchants, manufacturers, professionals • Provided most if not all taxes • Little voice in government decisions

  7. Faces of the Old Regime (1789)Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette

  8. Crying Out For Change • France’s population on the rise • Discontent among 3rd Estate • Peasants forced to pay higher taxes • Bourgeoisie resented the nobles • Peasants blamed Louis XVI • 1st & 2nd Estate – continue freedom from taxation • 3rd Estate – gain equality/freedom

  9. Financial Crisis • Deficit spending - government spends more money than it takes in • King Louis XIV - lavish lifestyle • Lent $ to support American colonists - American Revolution against English • Spent $ on 7 Years War • Tried to tax 1st & 2nd Estates • Jacques Necker - financial advisor - bad idea! • By 1787 – banks refused to loan $ • Aug 1788 – Louis XVI calls for meeting of Estates General to approve new taxes

  10. Estates General 1st Estate 2nd Estate 3rd Estate

  11. View of the 3rd Estate “What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing. What does it want to be? Something.” ~Abbe Emmanuel Sieyes - a revolutionary clergyman According to the quote, why was the Third Estate ready to revolt?

  12. The Revolution Begins • Meeting of Estates General – May 1789 • Upset with old voting methods, 3rd Estate became National Assembly • National Assembly locked out of meeting • Refused to disband until a constitution was signed • Louis XVI refused

  13. July 14, 1789Bastille Day

  14. Welcome Work • Open YOUR book to page 573. • Complete “Analyzing Political Cartoons” • Answer #1 & 2

  15. Review • Which king’s policies helped lead to the French Revolution? • What is the term for a social class in France? • How many were there? • What types of people made up the first two estates?

  16. More Review • What types of people made up the third estate? • What is the French term for middle class? • What did the third estate do in response to Louis XVI calling a meeting of the Estates General?

  17. Last But Not Least • What is seen as the symbol of the French Revolution? • What day is considered France’s Independence Day?

  18. Explain this painting…who is represented? In what ways?

  19. The Causes of the Revolution • Ideas of Enlightenment • Easy distribution of written word • Middle class with little political power • Large gap between wealthy and poor • Excessive reign of monarchs - Louis XIV, X, XVI • Depression of 1789 – shortage of food, high prices, unemployment, over-population

  20. The Revolution Unfolds What political and social reforms did the National Assembly institute in the first stage of the French Revolution?

  21. The “Great Fear”Political Crisis + Famine = Revolt • Famine • Fear • Rumors • Attacks against nobles

  22. Who is Marquis de Lafayette? • Fought with George Washington • Leader of National Guard • Wrote first draft of Declaration of the Rights of Man & the Citizen • Followed by many moderates

  23. National Assembly Acts • Nobles vote to end privileges • Key to goal of equality of all male citizens before the law

  24. Declaration of the Rights of Man • Modeled after Declaration of Independence • Natural rights • Government protection • All male citizens are equal • Taxes based on ability to pay & freedom of religion

  25. Women march on Versailles • October 5, 1789 • Thousands of women – starving! • Marched 13 miles from Paris • Demand royals return to Paris

  26. How to solve the economic crisis???Money from the CHURCH! • National Assembly drafts a constitution • Vote to sell Church lands to pay off debt • Church moved under state control!! • Priests & bishops elected officials • Ends Pope’s authority over French church • Refractory priests – refused constitution • Caused huge divide between peasants & revolutionaries in Paris

  27. Constitution of 1791 (p. 581-582) • What are parts of this constitution? • How did Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette respond to the constitution?

  28. Radicals Take Over • European rulers responded • King of Prussia & Emperor of Austria threaten to defend French monarchy • Revolutionaries prepare for war! • April 1792 – Legislative Assembly declare war on Prussia, Austria & Britain • 1792 - 1815

  29. What POLITICAL and SOCIAL reforms did the National Assembly institute in the first stage of the French Revolution?

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