United Arab Emirates University College of Engineering Training and Graduation Projects Unit

1. United Arab Emirates UniversityCollege of EngineeringTraining and Graduation Projects Unit Graduation Project (I) DESIGN PROJECT OF WIRELESS ECG MEASUREMENT Bodour Marwan Janier 200007158 Haneyah Al- Hassani 200002055 Mey Al- Hosaney 200002400 Mona Al- Ghaithi 200002239 Examination Committee:

2. Outline • Introduction. • ECG Definition • Project Objectives • Background Theory • History of ECG • Wireless ECG Requirements • Medical Requirements • ECG in The UAE • Design Strategy • Methods and Techniques • Flow Chart • Block Diagram • Hardware Design Issues • Software Processes • Cost Estimation • Conclusions and Recommendations

3. Introduction • ECG Definition An electrocardiograph (ECG) is a a representation of the electrical impulses of the heart that: • Records the electrical activity of the heart • Measures the rate, regularity of heartbeats, size and position of the chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart and the effects of drugs or devices used to regulate the heart.

4. Project Objectives • Design, simulate and test wireless Electrocardiograph (ECG) in order to: 1. Allow patient to be mobile. 2. Save time when moving patients. 3. Reduce patient discomfort while moving. 4. Eliminate lead wires between patients and monitoring machines. 5. Reduce nursing time spent on false alarms. 6. Provide comfort and convenience during stress testing procedures.

5. Background Theory • History Of ECG • The electrical activity accompanying a heart-beat was first discovered by Kolliker and Mueller in 1856. • Donders (1872) recorded the twitches of the muscle to provide a graphic representation of the electrocardiograph signal. • Marey (1876) made use of a capillary electrometer to describe a crude electrocardiogram of a tortoise using electrodes placed on the tortoise's exposed heart. • Einthoven (1903) wanted to create a better system using Ader's string telegraphic galvanometer. Einthoven's system proved to be a great success and soon string galvanometer based ECG systems were in clinical practice worldwide. Einthoven's string galvanometer & a patient having his ECG recorded

6. Medical Requirements • Wireless medical devices and monitoring services are used for patients to: • create a safe, comfortable, and affordable outpatient program. • help patients and hospitals in ease of monitoring heart beat and other related problems. • provide cost effective and portable solution.

7. ECG In The UAE there are no wireless ECG systems used in Tawam hospital, there are only three types of Normal ECG: • MAC 5000 Resting ECG System (It is used for heart monitoring) . MAC 5000 Resting ECG System • PC-Based Stress Test System (It is used to monitor heart of the patient when he is running) . • Holter (small device that helps patients move and may go home; come back after 48 hours for monitoring of the stored ECG information on the system) . Holter PC-Based Stress Test System

8. Design Strategy • Requirements specifications (portable, cost effective, offers mobility) • Understand functions/subsystems in the required system • Build flow chart of functions • Build block diagram from the flow chart • Hardware Issues: • Investigate technology to best fit block diagram functions • Alternatives for technologies for cost effective solution • Some simulations • Final Component list

9. Methods and Techniques • Flow Chart

10. Block Diagram

11. Hardware Design Issues 1- ECG Sensor Stage: • Three electrodes will be attached to the body. • The requirements for a typical ECG sensor are as follows: • Capability to sense low amplitude signals in the range of 0.05 – 10mV. • Very high input impedance, > 5 Mohms. • Very low input leakage current, < 1 micro-Amp. • Flat frequency response of 0.05 – 100 Hz. • Electrode Type (A SKINTACT All- purpose Resting Tap Electrode) • Electrode Gel (DERMA-JEL)

12. 2- Filter Stage Research shows that a typical heart beat signal is concentrated mainly in the 0.05 up to 100 Hz range • Low pass filter: • It is used to pass the signal from the sensor electrodes, which typically falls in the 1 mV range. • It is a first order active filter. • The corner frequency is calculated to be around 105Hz. • The gain of the filter is given by the ratio of R1 to R2=13. • Amplifying the signal by a factor of 13 using the amplifier which is already built in the filter. • A notch filter: • It is used to eliminate 50-Hz noise.

13. 3- The Summing Amplifier Stage The Summing Amplifier Circuit Input / Output for the Summing Amplifier Stage

14. 4- Processing and Transmission Stage • It includes A/D signal conversion, compression and buffering requirements of the digitized data. • Low- sampling rate was used Since the signal contains frequencies mainly up to 100 Hz. • Over-sampling and digitizing the signal at 300Hz using 10 bits resolution is important to minimize any noisy signals and buffering requirements. • The operating frequency of the transmission selected to be in the 400 MHz (ISM) range as devices in this range are easily available in the market with required transmission coverage area.

15. 5- Receiver Section • This unit is to be designed to: • receive the transmitted signal using a radio receiver • convert the modulating frequency of the signal back to a voltage. • make the information compatible to be read into the Computer.

16. 5- Investigation of Technology • Various vendor products can be used as hardware components but the justification for selected components is based on: • Suitably for the project. • Availability in the market. • The lowest cost.

17. Processor/Microcontroller • (PIC16F877) microcontroller has been selected to: • Control the sampling rate of the ADC. • Capture the digitized codes. • Package the data to send to the serial port of the main computer PIC16F877 microcontroller Chip Input/Output for the Microcontroller Stage in Transmitter section

18. Transmitter • This stage modulates the incoming digital signal and transmits it via an RF Antenna . • the transceiver nRf401 have been selected to work as a transmitter Transceiver nRf401 Input/Output for the nRF401 Transmitter Stage • The output of the first three stages of the transmitter stage is analog

19. Receiver • This stage: • receives the signal from the transmitter via RF antenna. • demodulates the signal. • gives the data in binary format. • For this part of the design the transceiver nRf401 have been selected to work only as a receiver. Input/Output for The nRF401 Receiver Stage

20. RS-232 Interface Input/Output for The RS-232 Interface RS-232 Interface Cable

21. Software Processes Flow Chart of The Software Program In The Transmitter Flow Chart of The Software Program In The Receiver

22. Cost Estimation

23. Conclusions and Recommendations • The first three parts of the transmitter were simulated using Multisim tool for their functional verification. • the device components are to be chosen from a set of the alternatives. • Parts alternatives were evaluated with respect to each other according to our design specifications and cost. • Next semester we will build the system and test it. • this project provided us with the opportunity to learn and gain experience in many fields such as; • searching for information on the internet. • patenting office and libraries. • contacting governmental agencies and companies to enquire for needed information and equipments. • practicing how to get used to working in a group. • maintaining good working relationship with our supervisor and cooperating with group members.

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