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Abdominal Cavity III

Abdominal Cavity III. Arteries. Visceral branches of descending / abdominal aorta (continuation of thoracic aorta) Celiac artery / trunk - at level of T12 - to foregut Left gastric: to lesser curvature of stomach anastomoses with right gastric (branch of proper/common hepatic artery)

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Abdominal Cavity III

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  1. Abdominal Cavity III

  2. Arteries • Visceral branches of descending / abdominal aorta (continuation of thoracic aorta) • Celiac artery / trunk - at level of T12 - to foregut • Left gastric: to lesser curvature of stomach • anastomoses with right gastric (branch of proper/common hepatic artery) • Splenic artery • pancreatic branches • splenic branches (several) • Left gastroepiploic • short gastric a

  3. Arteries • (common) hepatic • Right gastric • gastroduodenal - further divides into • Right gastroepiploic • superior pancreaticoduodenal a - to pancreas & head of pancreas and duodenum  • Right, Left hepatic (terminal branches) - to R, L lobes of liver

  4. Superior mesenteric artery • to midgut, exits abdominal aorta at level L1 - enters mesentery to viscera • inferior pancreaticoduodenal - to duodenum & head of pancreas • middle colic artery - R, L branches - to transverse colon • right colic artery - ascending, descending branches - to ascending colon • ileocolic artery - branches to supply ileum, cecum & appendix • intestinal arteies - exit all along course of sup mesenteric through mesentery to jejunum, ileum

  5. Renal artery • Large arteries

  6. Suprarenal Glands • superior - usually from inferior phrenic artery • middle - usually from lateral aorta at level of superior mesenteric • inferior - usually from renal a (see atlas 247)

  7. Inferior mesenteric • left colic artery - ascending, descending branches - to descending colon • sigmoid branches - to sigmoid colon • superior rectal a = termination of inferior mesenteric - curves down into pelvis minor

  8. Parietal branches of descending aorta • phrenic artery - at base of diaphragm - usually give off superior suprarenals • gonadal artery: either ovarian or testicular - at T12 or L1, • lumbar artery(4 pairs) to posterior wall structures • Middle sacral artery : single /unpaired vessel at bifurcation of aorta in front of L5 vertebral body • Abdominal aorta divides at ~ L4 vertebral level to L, R common iliac artery • common iliacs then divide in front of lumbosacral joint into internal, external iliac artery

  9. Portal vein • Portal System - Venous drainage of gastrointestinal tract, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder - all delivered to liver • Portal vein is formed by junction of splenic vein & superior mesenteric vein - posterior to pancreas • splenic vein • small splenic vein • short gastric vein • left gastroepiploic vein • superior mesenteric vein - tributaries parallel branches of sup. mesenteric artery • inferior mesenteric vein - usually joins splenic or sup. mesenteric before entering portal vein

  10. Portal hypertension • Portal hypertension is the build-up of pressure in the portal vein

  11. Inferior vana cava • drains post abdominal wall (& non-GI related structures) • formed by junction of R, L common iliac veins from legs • middle sacral vein enters L common iliac • lies to R of vertebral bodies • contacts diaphragm posteriorly & liver anteriorlyreceives: • L renal vein • L suprarenal vein • L gonadal (testicular or ovarian)

  12. Inferior vana cava • R renal v • R suprarenal • R gonadal • inferior phrenics (R, L) • hepatic veins (vary in #) • lumbar vein (also vary in #, some enter ascending lumbars, drain into azygos, hemiazygos)

  13. Nerve supply • ANS - supplies visceral organs: contain SNS & PNS fibers & general visceral sensory branch • aortic plexus: SNS & PNS network surrounds entire aorta, perivascular plexuses at each subdivision follow corresponding blood vessels to organs • PNS - vagal trunks (anterior - mostly from L vagus; & post - mostly from R vagus) - inferior mesenteric viscera - from S2-S4 • SNS - greater, lesser splanchnic nerves (from T5 - S4 spinal nerves & ganglia)

  14. Nerve supply • Celiac plexus: celiac ganglia & nerve fibers around celiac artery, subdivisions are continuations of celiac • superior mesenteric plexus: ganglia & nerve fibers around a; follow vessels to organs • hepatic plexus: ganglia & nerve fibers around artery; follow vessels to organs • renal plexus: ganglia & nerve fibers around a; follow vessels to organs • inferior mesenteric plexus: ganglia & nerve fibers around a; follow vessels to organs

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