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Abdominal Cavity

Abdominal Cavity. Landmarks. Peritoneum: double layered serous membrane visceral = outer serous layer of abdominal organs parietal = lines outer wall of cavity, both layers also fold to form mesenteries, ligaments

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Abdominal Cavity

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  1. Abdominal Cavity

  2. Landmarks • Peritoneum: double layered serous membrane • visceral = outer serous layer of abdominal organs • parietal = lines outer wall of cavity, both layers also fold to form mesenteries, ligaments • peritoneal cavity: space between layers, sealed in males; female - perforated by uterine tubes • intraperitoneal actually does not mean within cavity - still surrounded by visceral layer

  3. Greater Omentum • large peritoneal fold (apron) - usually has lots of fat, free inferior edge - suspended from greater curvature of stomach & transverse colon, 4 layers

  4. lesser omentum • From inferior surface of liver to lesser curvature of stomach & upper duodenal intestine- holds hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct in its right margin • omental bursa = lesser peritoneal sac (vs greater sac holding all the viscera) - epiploic (omental) foramen - only connection with greater peritoneal sac - between inferior vana cava & right edge of lesser omentum (where it holds hepatic artery, portal vein, and common bile duct)

  5. Mesentery • Mesentery: fold suspending intestines (jejunum, ileum), attaches to posterior wall • Transverse mesocolon: ligament connecting transverse colon to posterior wall

  6. Ligaments • Other, smaller ligaments: all peritoneal folds • gastrophrenic - diaphragm to stomach • gastrosplenic (gastrolienal) - to spleen • gastrocolic - to transverse colon • splenorenal (lienorenal) - to wall just in front of kidney • phrenicocolic ligament - connects its upper edge to lower left diaphragm

  7. Liver • Fills right hypochondriac region, extends into epigastric & left hypochondriac • lobes, fossae • Left - gastric impression • Right - fossa for inferior vana cava - find openings from hepatic veins • bare area - directly contacts diaphragm (between layers of coronary ligament) • renal; duodenal; colic impressions • caudate - between inferior vana cava fossa & lesser omentum • quadrate - actually a portion of left lobe

  8. Gall bladder • gall bladder (body, neck) - posterior, inferior surface of right lobe of liver • cystic duct exits, joins common (=R+L) hepatic duct to form common bile duct • spiral valve - inside neck & into cystic duct

  9. Other structures • Porta hepatis: hilum of liver - entry of hepatic artery, portal vein; exit of hepatic ducts • Falciform ligament - fold connecting visceral peritoneum of liver with parietal peritoneum of anterior abdominal wall  • Ligamentum teres hepatis / round ligament of the liver • remnant of fetal umbilical vein • found in free (inferior) margin of falciform ligament - from liver inferior to umbilicus • coronary ligament: fold connecting visceral peritoneum of liver with underside of diaphragm- R triangular ligament - its right upper margin forms a sharp angle- L triangular ligament - corner on upper surface of left lobe

  10. Blood vessels • hepatic a: (a branch of the celiac artery) • R, L branches to R, L lobes • cystic artery (branch of R hepatic) - follows cystic duct • portal vein: (trio with hapatic artery, common bile duct) - drains portal system into liver; divides into right and left branches • Hepatic veins: several true veins - drain liver into inferior vana cava (not included with trio in canal)

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