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Isotope Applications

Isotope Applications. Medical Tracers. PET Scan. 1. Radioactive Tracers in Medical Diagnosis. 131 I can be used to image the thyroid, heart, lungs, & liver and to measure iodine levels in blood.

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Isotope Applications

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  1. Isotope Applications Medical Tracers PET Scan

  2. 1. Radioactive Tracers in Medical Diagnosis 131 I can be used to image the thyroid, heart, lungs, & liver and to measure iodine levels in blood. 24Na injected into the bloodstream as a salt solution can be monitored to trace the flow of blood & detect possible constrictions or obstructions in the circulatory system. PET (positron emission tomography) scans use 15O in H215O & 18F bonded to glucose to measure energy metabolism in the brain.

  3. Radioactive Isotopes in Medical Treatment Implants of 198Au or mixtures of 90Sr & 90Y have been used to destroy pituitary & breast cancer tumours. Gamma rays from 60Co are used to destroy brain tumours.

  4. Oxygen Isotopes in Climatology & Geology Stable isotopes such as 16O and 18O were used to indicate global temperatures in the distant past. This can be done by determining the ratio of 18O to 16O in ice cores extracted from Earth’s polar caps or from sediment cores exhumed from the ocean floor.

  5. Carbon & Hydrogen Isotopes in Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Nuclear weapons test put large & detectable amounts of certain radioactive isotopes into the atmosphere. Due to the Limited Test Ban Treaty in 1963, 14C concentration in the atmosphere began decreasing. Anybody born before 1965 possesses a higher concentration of 14C. We can tell how old many living things are based on the 14C concentration.

  6. Isotopes in Dating Techniques Carbon-14 is used to determine the age of bones in archeological sites. Uranium-238 & lead-206 are used to date very ancient objects such as minerals contained within rock samples.

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