Learning Objectives

1. Learning Objectives • Be able to: • 1. Describe the major difficulties earlier settlers in Virginia encountered and how these difficulties were overcome.

2. Learning Objectives • 2. Describe the similarities and differences in the relationship and treatment between Native Americans and colonists in the Chesapeake and New England.

3. Learning Objectives • 3. Describe the beliefs of the Puritans and how their beliefs influenced affected life in New England

4. Learning Objectives • 4. Compare and contrast the characteristics of life in New England and the Chesapeake coloniesduring the seventeenth century

5. Learning Objectives • 5. Describe the differences between indentured servitude and chattel slavery and the factors that led to the shift from indentured servitude to chattel slavery in the southern colonies.

6. Chapter 2: SUMMARY • English settlement in North America began in the 1600s.

7. European settlers came to America for diverse reasons. They encountered many difficulties including harsh climate, starvation, and diseases, as well as native peoples already living here; whose lands they occupied.

9. Life in the Chesapeake colonies (Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas and in New England (Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, etc.) was different. • Unlike the northern colonies, chattel slavery took hold in southern colonies

11. Map Of the United States

19. Chesapeake Bay Area

21. Sir Walter Raleigh, John Smith, James Oglethorpe

22. KEY POINTS • The Southern colonies of Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas developed cash crop economies, initially worked by indentures servants, then increasingly by enslaved Africans

23. The northern colonies developed a more diverse economy, based on family farms, crafts, trade, and marine activities.

24. Tobacco, a valuable cash crop in the Chesapeake region of Maryland and Virginia, led to desires for more land and as a result violent conflicts with Native Americans over lands

26. Key Points • Settlement patterns were scattered, with no towns. • To attract settlers Virginia gained the right to hold representative assemblies and to grant headrights, private land ownership • Disagreement amongst colonialists led England to establish a House of Burgesses to provide local representative government.

27. Conflicts Amongst Colonists

29. Colonial living

30. PEOPLE LEFT EUROPE FOR AMERICA. WHAT FACTORS LED TO THEIR COMING TO AMERICA TO START A NEW LIFF?

31. Virginia was founded as a proprietary colony awarded to the Calvert family and as a safe place for Catholics fleeing religious persecution.

32. Religious strife in England led to the execution of King Charles 1 in 1649. The English parliament is ruled by Puritans.

33. The monarchy is restored in 1660. • To repay some supporters, King Charles 11 granted then the Carolinas, settled by planters from the Caribbean island of Barbados.

34. ThE Plantation System • Those planters from Barbados, transplanted the Caribbean Plantationsystem of cash crops cultivated by enslaved Africans, in the Carolinas and throughout the South

35. Map Caribbean

36. Map Caribbean

37. New England • New England an extension of the religious upheaal known as the Reformation. • Puritans challenged the authority of the pope and catholic teachings.

38. Puritans argued that the Church of England should be purged of Catholic doctrines not found in the Bible. • The British Crown preferred religious unity and conformity. Those who opposed were persecuted.

39. The first set of dissenters to move to England were the Pilgrims. They settled Plymouth in 1620. • 1630, the Puritans vowed to establish an exemplary godly community, “A City on a Hill” • They were mostly married couples with children, more stable; different from the south.

40. In New England, attending church services was legally mandatory. • Politics confined to adult male “church members” • A theocracy did not exist, church and state, civil government were to remain separate

41. Church ministers were barred from holding public office • Strict rules led to dissent and calls for religious liberty for example from: • Roger Williams • Mary Dyer • Anne Hutchinson .

42. Roger Williams (p. 44) • Religious liberty as a natural right. Stop violently taking the Native American lands

43. Mary Dyer

44. Anne Hutchinson

45. In the seventeenth century population, Commerce, and trade grew rapidly in New England. “Commercial values” became dominant, leading to many forsaking the “City on a Hill” • New England’s “religious communities” experienced decline, and decay – declension.

46. Glossary

47. Indentured Servants • (p.35)

48. Headrights(p.36)

49. Divine Rights (p.37)

50. Separatists (p.39)