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Biological Anthropology

Biological Anthropology. The genus Homo. Homo habilis. Larger brain Flatter face. Homo habilis. Leakey Name means “Handy Man”. Homo habilis : culture. Olduwan pebble culture. Homo habilis : culture. Leakey: large brain = tool manufacture. Homo habilis. Where? East Africa.

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Biological Anthropology

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  1. Biological Anthropology The genus Homo

  2. Homo habilis • Larger brain • Flatter face

  3. Homo habilis • Leakey • Name means “Handy Man”

  4. Homo habilis: culture Olduwan pebble culture

  5. Homo habilis: culture • Leakey: large brain = tool manufacture

  6. Homo habilis Where? East Africa

  7. Homo habilis When? 2.5-1.5 mya

  8. Homo habilis • Small & large specimens • Light skull • Cranial Capacity = 800cc

  9. Homo habilis: bipedalism • Full Biped - Increase leg length -Decrease arm length • Shorter in stature

  10. Homo habilis: dentition • Short molars • Small canines • Simian shelf • Parabolic dental arcade

  11. Homo erectus • 1891 • Eugene Dubois • Indonesia

  12. Homo erectus Java Man

  13. Homo erectus • Peking Man • 1926 • China

  14. Homo erectus Where found? Africa Asia Europe

  15. Homo erectus: When? Africa 1.6 mya- 400,000 ya Asia 1.5 mya-200,000 ya Europe 800,000-200,000 ya

  16. Homo erectus: bipedalism Full bipedalism: “Turkana Boy”

  17. Homo erectus: dentition • Parabolic Jaw • Simian shelf A. boisei H.erectus

  18. Homo erectus: cranium Cranial capacity: 900-1225 cc

  19. Homo erectus: culture Acheulean tools: Hand axe culture

  20. Homo erectus: culture • Sophisticated tools • Consistently shaped • Suggests communication

  21. Homo erectus: culture First to use fire! (but not necessarily make)

  22. Homo sapiens: where & when • Africa: 400,000 ya (archaic) • Asia & Europe: 200,000 ya • Australia: 60,000 ya • North America: 27,000 ya

  23. Homo sapiens

  24. Homo sapiens: bipedalism Is bipedalism “finished”? Back problems Flat feet

  25. Homo sapiens:dentition • Parabolic jaw

  26. Homo sapiens: cranium Cranial capacity: 1250-1400cc

  27. Homo sapiens: cranium Most modern features • Forehead • Chin

  28. Homo sapiens: culture • Ritualized Burials • notions of afterlife? • feelings for deceased?

  29. Homo sapiens: culture • Produce Fire • protection from cold • keep away predators • cooking • focal gathering point

  30. Homo sapiens: language • Evidence of language • Writing (ca. 6,000 ya) • Art • Cooperative efforts • The most important tool we now use • Has features not found in the communication systems of any other living organism

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