German Technology

1. German Technology Chris Pinkerton (Fabio) Brandon Perry (Bernhard)

2. BUT BEFORE WE BEGIN AllesGutezumGeburtstag BERNHARD!!! ** That means “Happy Birthday”, in case you didn’t catch that.

3. Overview • Automobiles • Medicine • Computers • Warfare • Miscellaneous

4. AUTOMOBILES

5. Bicycle • What: The first bicycle with a steering wheel bar attached to the front, called the Draisienne • Inventor: Baron Karl von Drais de Sauerbrun • When: The first bicycle model was a scooter like contraption made in 1790 by a Frenchman called a Celerifere. Baron Karl von Drais invented his version on April 6, 1816 • Interesting Fact: The Draisienne looked very similar to modern day bicycles, but had no pedals. In order to move you propelled yourself forward using your feet.

6. Gas Powered Motorcycles • What: The first Gas Powered Motorcycle • Inventor: Gottlieb Daimler • When: The first motorcycle, invented in 1867 by an American inventor, was coal-powered, had two-cylinders, and was steam driven. Gottleid Daimler’s version was developed in 1885. • Interesting Fact: His mostly wooden motorcycle had iron-banded wheels with wooden spokes. This bone-crunching vehicle was powered by a single-cylinder engine.

7. Jerry Can • What: The Jerry Can • Purpose • Originally a fuel container made from pressed steel. • Designed for German military use in the 1930s. • Used to prevent accidental mixing of fuels, especially with water. • Color coding is used to differentiate the tanks.

8. Tachometer • What: The first mechanical tachometer • Inventor: Dietrich Uhlhorn • Pupose: Original pupose was to measure the speed of machines, but eventually used to measure the speed of locomotives. • When • 1817: Used to measure speed of Machines • 1840: Used to measure speed of locomotives • (Semi) Interesting Fact: A tachometer is also a device that is used in analog audio recording that measures the speed of audio tape.

9. Diesel Engine • What: The Diesel Engine (also known as a compression-ignition engine) • Inventor: Rudolf Diesel • When: 1897 • Use • an internal combustion engine that uses • the heat of compression to • Initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is • injected into the combustion • chamber during the final stage of • compression • Interesting Fact: The diesel engine has the higest thermal efficiency of any regular internal or external combustion engine.

10. Wankel Engine • What: The Wankel Engine • Inventor: Felix Wankel • When: patented in 1929, but first development was in the 1950s at NSU Mortorenwerke AG Use is a type of internal combustion engine that uses a rotary design to convert pressure into a rotating motion instead of using reciprocating pistons. Its four stroke cycle takes place in a space between the inside of an oval like epitrochoid-shaped housing and a rotor that is similar in shape to a Reuleaux triangle but with sides that are somewhat flatter.

11. Zeppelin • What: The Zeppelin • Inventor: Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin • When: It was based on designs outlined in 1874 and detailed in 1893. His plans were reviewed by committee in 1894and patented in the United States on 14 March 1899 • Use • Originally used as the first form of commercial • air transportation, yet after the outbreak of • WWI, the German military made extensive use • of Zeppelins as bombers and scouts. The • World War I defeat of Germany in 1918 halted • the airship business temporarily, but civilian • zeppelins became popular once again in the • 1920s • Interesting Fact: The spire of the Empire State Building was originally, if not impractically, designed to serve as a dirigible terminal for Zeppelins and other airships to dock.

12. Volkswagen • What: The Volkswagen • Information • Volkswagen was originally founded in 1937 by the Nazi trade union, the German Labour Front. • Because so few Germans could afford a car, Adolf Hitler declared his intentions for a state-sponsored "Volkswagen" program while he was in power. • This program created cars with seating for two adults and three children, cheap enough be affordable. “Five Marks a week you must put aside, If in your own car you want to ride.” “Fünf Mark die Woche musst Du sparen, willst Du im eigenen Wagen fahren“ – a slogan from Hitler‘s Volkswagen program

13. MEDICINE

14. Aspirin Origin 400 BC Greek physician Hippocrates prescribes the bark and leaves of the willow tree to relieve pain and fever.  1897 Chemist, Felix Hoffmann, at Bayer in Germany, chemically synthesizes a stable form of ASA powder that relieves his father's rheumatism. The compound later becomes the active ingredient in aspirin named - "a" from acetyl, "spir" from the spirea plant (which yields salicin) and "in," a common suffix for medications.  1899 Bayer distributes aspirin powder to physicians to give to their patients. Aspirin is soon the number one drug worldwide.  (fun fact: In addition to the first usable form of Aspirin, Felix Hoffmann is also credited for the first successful form of heroin!)

15. X-ray • What : X-radiation • Who: The discovery of X-radiation is credited to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, and as such in many languages X-radiation is actually called Röntgen radiation. • Use • X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Hard X-rays can penetrate solid objects, and their most common use is to take images of the inside of objects. • It has medical uses for “medical imaging”, which allows a medical professional to created images of the human body for clinical purposes.

16. Thermometer • What: The alcohol / mercury thermometer • Who: Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit When • Alcohol : 1709 • Mercury: 1714 • Use: Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in some way when they are heated or cooled. In a mercury or alcohol thermometer the liquid expands as it is heated and contracts when it is cooled, so the length of the liquid column is longer or shorter depending on the temperature.  • Interesting Fact: If you can’t tell by this guys name, he also invented the temperature scale that Americans use, the Fahrenheit Scale.

17. COMPUTERS

18. ICC (Intergraded Circuit System) • Early developments of the integrated circuit go back to 1949, when the German engineer Werner Jacobi filed a patent for an circuit-like semiconductor amplifying device. • An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as IC, chip, and microchip) is an electronic circuit manufactured by dispersing trace elements into the surface of a thin layer of semiconductor material. • Integrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic equipment today and have revolutionized the world of electronics. Computers, cellular phones, and other digital appliances are now part of the structure of modern societies, and are made possible by the low cost of production of the integrated circuit Interesting Fact: The first application of the ICC was in cheap hearing aids.

19. Konrad Zuse This was the man who started the computer technology era in Germany. Born in Berlin, June 22, 1910 and died in Hunfeld December 18, 1995 He Built the world's first functional program-controlled Turing-complete computer. Turing-Complete means that it can use data-manipulation rules like programming languages or an instruction set. Much of his work was ignored because of the WWII hype and he received little support from the Nazi-German Government. He was married in 1945 and had 5 children

20. Konrad's Work Along with creating the first Turing-Completeness computer, he also created the first high level programming language. (High level language is a language that makes programming easier in some cases like using key words and phrases instead of Binary) The language was called “Plankalkül”. Meaning Plan Calculus. On April 1st 1941, he created his company called “Zuse Ingenieurbüro und Apparatebau” Which was one of the earliest computer companies around. His company created the first commercial computer used around he world called the Z4 in 1944.

21. Z4 Worlds first digital commercial computer. Konrad worked on this computer for about 3 years with close to 2 dozen people, INCLUDING women. The Z4 has very odd specifications to it compared to today's computers such as:1. Memory was 64 words (32 bit)2. Power Comsumption was 4 kW which is more than 100 times less than what my computer is consuming right now.3. Hertz was only around 40, a computer today can run at 504 Mhz which is 507,000,000 hertz.

22. WARFARE

23. V1 Cruise Missile • Also known as the flying bomb • Has its own guiding autopilot system • 2,200lb bomb • flew at approximately 400mph • Used by Nazis in WWII • Killed about 22,000 people almost entirely civilians, due to the fact that the targeting system only hit its target about 25% of the time

24. V2 Rocket • Ballistic Missile that was used during WWII • It was the worlds first long range combat missile • It was shot 80km (50mi) in the air before it would shut off the engine and begin a freefall towards its target.

25. Video of V-2 in a helpful way

26. German U-boats • U-Boat stands for underwater boat • Used strongly in WWI and WWII • They participated in unrestricted warfare (sinking civilian ships, mechant ships, etc.) • There are actually 29 different classes of the U-boat • Germany had the biggest submarine fleet in the world mostly consisting of the U-boats • The weapon used by the U-boats was a torpedo (underwater missile like weapon)

27. German Guns Walher Gewehr 41 (G41 / Gew 41) Panzerschreck (Raketenpanzerbuchse) Luger P08 (Pistole Parabellum 1908 / Parabellum-Pistole) Mauser Karabiner Kar 98k

28. Panzer Medium Tank • Developed in the 1930’s and used by Nazi Germany • Was supposed to be used against enemy infantry, but ended up seeing a lot of action against other enemy tanks. • Between the years in WWII approximately 8,870 of them were built • Were widely exported after WWII to other European and African countries.

29. Miscellaneous

30. Miscellaneous Technology Engineered by Germans • Geiger Counter • Telescopes • Bunsen Burner • MP3

31. FIN

32. Frau P cause she’s an awesome professor and should give us an A SPECIAL THANKS All of the websites that we used to find this info Zelda for moral support Our entire german class for putting up with us ……. Especially with this presentation. • Was wir wissen ist ein Tropfen, was wir nicht wissen ist ein Ozean