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Population

Population. Why do we live where we live?. Demography. The study of population and other statistics about humans. Population density: the number of people per square mile (or kilometer if you’re not from around here). . Population Density.

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Population

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  1. Population Why do we live where we live?

  2. Demography • The study of population and other statistics about humans. • Population density: the number of people per square mile (or kilometer if you’re not from around here).

  3. Population Density • This number can be misleading. Egypt, which is 90% uninhabitable desert, has a population density of 177 people per square mile. • If you instead look at arable (farmable, livable) land, the population density jumps to 8,800 people per sq mi! • In Utah, it’s kind of similar. Our population density is 34.3/sq mi. How much of Utah do you think is arable?

  4. [In 1990]77 percent of the state's population resided along the Wasatch Front on 4.3 percent of the land area. That number has only increased in the last 30 years..

  5. Population quiz! • Turn to page 88-89 in your book. • How does this map tell you data? • What do we call that kind of map? • Use the map and write in your notes 10 of the largest cities on the planet. • You’re awesome.

  6. More things we study • Next, we’ll look at more maps to show what other things we look at when we study populations. • What kind of maps are these?

  7. World Population

  8. GDP

  9. Child Mortality

  10. HIV/AIDS

  11. Health Care Spending All images from: • http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/cartograms/

  12. THINK ABOUT THIS! • What factors contribute to a place’s population? • Births • Deaths • Arable land • Climate • Water • Health care • Safety • Jobs

  13. After viewing this, write the most interesting thing you saw and why. • http://youtu.be/jbkSRLYSojo

  14. Factors of population growth • Birthrate: Number of live births per year per 1000 people • Death rate: Number of deaths per year per 1000 people • If you take the Birthrate and subtract the death rate, you get the rate of natural increase (RNI) • Immigration and Emigration • Longer lifespan due to improving medical care • This info leads us to…

  15. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL

  16. Stage 1: “Pre-Industrial” High birth rates and high death rates (both about 40) Population growth very slow Agrarian society High rates of communicable diseases Pop. increases in good growing years; declines in bad years (famine, diseases) No country or world region still in Stage One

  17. Birthrate in stage 1 • Children needed for farming • They die at an early age due to illnesses • No family planning • And religious and social encouragement.

  18. Death rate in stage 1 • Disease • Famine • Poor medical care

  19. Stage 2: “Early Industrial” High birth rates (over 30) but death rates decline (to about 20) RNIs increase sharply (pop. explosion); growth rate increases throughout Stage Two Growth not from increase in births, but from decline in deaths MDCs = starts early 1800s LDCs = starts after 1950s

  20. Birthrate for stage 2 • Same reasons as stage one (you can write that in your notes)

  21. Death rate for stage 2 • Medical care slightly improved • Better water supply • Better sanitation • Lower infant mortality rate

  22. Stage 3: “Later Industrial” Birth rates decline sharply (to about 15) Death rates decline a bit more (to about 10 or less) Note growth still occurs, but at a reduced and declining rate MDCs = starts in late 1800s LDCs = starts after 1980s* * Or hasn’t started yet

  23. Birthrate for stage 3 • Improved medical care and diet • Fewer children are needed

  24. Strong inverse relationship between female literacy and fertility rates, observed globally Increasing availability and use of modern contraception in most LDCs since 1970s

  25. Death rate for stage 3 • Same reasons as death rate in stage 2

  26. Stage 4: “Post-Industrial” Birth rates and death rates both low (about 10) Population growth very low or zero MDCs = starts after 1970s LDCs = hasn’t started yet Stage 5 (?): Hypothesized (not in Classic DTM) Much of Europe now or soon in population decline as birth rates drop far below replacement level

  27. Birthrate in stage 4 • Family planning • Good health • Later marriages • Improving status of women

  28. Death rate in stage 4 • Good health care • Reliable food supply • People are living much longer

  29. Stage 5. What?! • There is a theoretical stage, stage 5, where the birthrate continues to drop and that death rate stays where it is in stage 4. • What would this cause?

  30. Examples • Stage 1: A few remote Groups • Stage 2:Egypt, Kenya, India • Stage 3: Brazil • Stage 4: USA, Japan, France, UK • Stage 5: Germany (the future)

  31. NOW LET’S TAKE THE BABY-O-MATIC QUIZ

  32. Write the letter you choose and the points for that letter 1. Family life A. I plan never to marry. B. When I marry, both I and my spouse will share in important decisions. C. When I marry, only the man in the couple will make important decisions A: 1 B:2 C:3

  33. 2. Education A. I don't know how to read, and I don't expect I will ever learn. B. I know how to read, but I do not expect to graduate from high school C. I will definitely finish high school, and may continue my formal education A: 3 B:3 C:2

  34. 3. Social Security A. When I grow old, or am unable to work, I expect my family to provide for me B. I hope to rely on my personal savings, when I grow old, or am unable to work C. When I grow old, or am unable to work, the government will take care of me. A:3 B:2 C:2

  35. 4. Status symbols A. I believe that the position I hold in the workplace, and the money that I accumulate in life are the most important gauges of how successful I have been. B. A large family is much more important to me than a successful career. C. My status in the workspace is important to me, but family is equally important. A: 1 B:3 C:2

  36. 5. Time and money management A. Raising children takes a lot of time and money, and I would rather be doing other things with those resources B. Raising children may be expensive, but is something that I want to do with my life. C. My children will be very useful to me as workers, and will help support the family A:1 B:2 C:3

  37. 6. Health A. If I have children, I'd expect them to have long, full lives. B. If I have children, there is a good chance that they wouldn't live very long A: 2 B:3

  38. 7. Personal Beliefs A. I have been taught that my responsibility in life is to have as many children as I can, and I intend to do just that. B. I believe that no one should tell me how many children I should have. That decision is for me and my spouse to make. C. I believe that the world just has too many people, and we'd all be better off if there were fewer. A: 3 B:2 C:1

  39. 8. Timing A. I'd like to be a parent by the time I turn 20 B. If I'm not a parent by the time I turn 40, no problem. C. I'd like to be a parent by the time I turn 35. A:3 B:1 C:2

  40. Add up your points!!! If your score is....

  41. Natural Increase • Based on births and deaths • Natural increase = birthrate - death rate (expressed as a percentage) • Highest rates: Africa & Southwest Asia • Moderate rates: Central & South America, Southeast Asia • Lowest rates: most European and North American countries • Doubling Time: number of years needed to double a country’s population

  42. Migration Factors • Push factors: cause people to leave a location • Pull factors: attracts people to a location • Urban vs. Rural • Future populations?

  43. Push factors • The things that make you want to leave a place. • Usually bad- • Crime • No work • Persecution • Violence • Crazy family

  44. Pull factors • These are the things that bring, or ‘pull’ you to a certain place • Usually good things- • Work • Religion • Family • Safety • Similar values or ethnicities

  45. Urban Vs. Rural • Urban: cities • Rural: farms, small villages • Historically, more people have lived in villages and farms than cities. • This has changed dramatically over the last 100 years. • More jobs in the city! • Cities are usually more diverse and therefore less persecution happens.

  46. How do population pyramids help us learn about population?

  47. Population pyramids are used to show information about the age and gender of people in a specific country. Male Female There is also a high Death Rate. In this country there is a high Birth Rate Population in millions This population pyramid is typical of countries in poorer parts of the world (LEDCs.)

  48. In some LEDCs the government is encouraging couples to have smaller families. This means the birth rate has fallen.

  49. Male Female In this country the number of people in each age group is about the same. Population in millions The largest category of people were born about 40 years ago. In this country there is a low Birth Rate and a low Death Rate. This population pyramid is typical of countries in the richer parts of the world (MEDCs.)

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