Systematic Observations, Partnerships, Modeling, In situ planning, Summary

1. Earth’s Living Ocean: The Unseen World Systematic Observations, Partnerships, Modeling, In situ planning, Summary

2. Integrated global analyses Report Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Roadmap Human-Ecosystems-Climate Interactions (Model-Data Fusion, Assimilation); Air-Sea Flux Sub-regional sources/sinks Funded T High-Resolution Atmospheric CO2 Unfunded Southern Ocean Carbon Program, Air-Sea CO2 Flux Process controls; errors in sink reduced Partnership Models w/improved ecosystem functions T= Technology development Physiology & Functional Types T Reduced flux uncertainties; coastal carbon dynamics Coastal Carbon = Field Campaign Global Ocean Carbon / Particle Abundance Reduced flux uncertainties; global carbon dynamics Goals: Global productivity and land cover change at fine resolution; biomass and carbon fluxes quantified; useful ecological forecasts and improved climate change projections T Vegetation 3-D Structure, Biomass, & Disturbance Terrestrial carbon stocks & species habitat characterized Global CH4;Wetlands, Flooding & Permafrost CH4 sources characterized and quantified Knowledge Base Global Atmospheric CO2 (OCO) Regional carbon sources/sinks quantified for planet N. American Carbon Program N. America’s carbon budget quantified Land Use Change in Amazonia Effects of tropical deforestation quantified; uncertainties in tropical carbon source reduced 2002: Global productivity and land cover resolution coarse; Large uncertainties in biomass, fluxes, disturbance, and coastal events Models & Computing Capacity Process Understanding Case Studies Improvements: P Land Cover (Landsat) Bridge (LDCM) Land Cover (OLI) Systematic Observations Ocean Color (SeaWiFS, MODIS) Ocean/Land (VIIRS/NPP) Ocean/Land (VIIRS/NPOESS) Vegetation, Fire (AVHRR, MODIS) Vegetation (AVHRR, MODIS) IPCC IPCC 2008 2010 2012 2014 2015 2002 2004 2006 Global C Cycle Global C Cycle NA Carbon NA Carbon

3. Supporting Measurements • In situ observation program • provide vicarious calibration of orbiting instrumentation • validate the quality of observations • provide path to improve quality / utility of space-based measurements • Program must: - accurately sample relevant observables, - make observations across wide range of biological / biogeochemical provinces - relate in situ observations to known community measurement standards - provide these data to a centralized data center (global data sets) - compare vicarious instrument calibration results with on-orbit methods - push what can be measured and how well • Coordinated field observations; new instrumentation (present and future satellite observables); production and dissemination of calibration standards (all investigators must follow); free, open and easy access of all data collected in support of the cal/val program

4. The competed (green) and shared (yellow) connecting-core elements. The latter in-cludes competed, contracted, and internal (red and blue) core contributions, the mixture of which is determined largely by the topic type. For example, the calibration and validation component is expected to be involved in managing the vicarious calibration site(s), which means it will also be involved in the optical properties element (at least the AOP portion) as well as the standards and traceability element, so all these elements are colored yellow.

5. Systematic Observations • Pre-launch sensor characterization • Protocols for laboratory & in situ observations • Advanced instrumentation development & ongoing instrument performance evaluations • Calibration and data analyses round robins • Laboratory pigment analysis intercomparisons • Future laboratory round robins for other material measurements • In situ data archive and standardized QC procedures • Algorithm development (atmospheric & bio-optical) • On-orbit calibration capabilities - On-board methods (e.g., lunar data) - Vicarious methods (e.g., MOBY) • Multi-mission reprocessing capability • Planning for missions to ensure data product continuity

6. Partnerships • Partnerships – missions, in situ programs • Interagency - OOI ORION, IOOS, CCSP, GEOSS; agencies? • International – other space agencies (calibration), ship time • Framework for building partnerships (MERIS data?) • Modeling • Other disciplines - MAP

7. Modeling • Systematic, coordinated interdisciplinary approach to modeling of ocean biological and biogeochemical processes • Observational Strategy = measurements + modeling environment • Time and space gaps – in situ and satellite data • Data – format • Assimilation • Connection with MAP program, ESMF

9. Earth’s Living Ocean: The Undiscovered World • NASA seeks to advance understanding of the Earth’s living ocean through global research, observations and predictive models; role in Earth System Science • Community Feedback Welcome: • paula.s.bontempi@nasa.gov • End of April 2006 - Draft plans (Advance + Cal/Val) will be on-line • 11-13 April 2006 – Community Discussion • NASA Ocean Color Research Team Meeting – (Newport, RI) • June/July 2006 - Final draft/new initiative package • Plan – Living Document • Carbon Cycle & Ecosystem Focus Area Advance Plan