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Cycle 5 Week 2

New Testament – Canonisation & Synoptic Gospels. Cycle 5 Week 2. Comparison:. Inter-Testamental Period:. See, I will send my messenger, who will prepare the way before me. Malachi3:1

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Cycle 5 Week 2

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  1. New Testament – Canonisation & Synoptic Gospels Cycle5 Week2

  2. Comparison:

  3. Inter-Testamental Period: See, I will send my messenger, who will prepare the way before me. Malachi3:1 See, I will send you the prophet Elijah before that great and dreadful day of the LORD comes. He will turn the hearts of the fathers to their children, and the hearts of the children to their fathers; … Malachi4:5-6 OLD Testament NEW Testament 1 BC 430 BC 0 Nehemiah - Malachi birth of John the Baptist birth of Jesus Christ

  4. Inter-Testamental Period: See, I will send my messenger, who will prepare the way before me. Malachi3:1 See, I will send you the prophet Elijah before that great and dreadful day of the LORD comes. He will turn the hearts of the fathers to their children, and the hearts of the children to their fathers; … Malachi4:5-6 OLD Testament NEW Testament 1 BC 430 BC 0 Nehemiah - Malachi birth of John the Baptist birth of Jesus Christ

  5. Inter-Testamental Period: • See, I will send you the prophet Elijah before that great and dreadful day of the LORD comes. He will turn the hearts of the fathers to their children, and the hearts of the children to their fathers; … • Malachi4:5-6 • Elijah taken to Heaven (2Kings2:11) • John the Baptist questioned (John1:21) • Some thght Jesus was Elijah (Math16:14) • Jewish custom when celebrating Passover/Seder (Order) meal to leave a chair for Elijah – even to open the door & to drink 'Elijah's cup'... OLD Testament 430 BC Nehemiah - Malachi

  6. Inter-Testamental Period: • Remember the law of my servant Moses, the decrees and laws I gave him at Horeb for all Israel. • See, I will send you the prophet Elijah before that great and dreadful day of the LORD comes. He will turn the hearts of the fathers to their children, and the hearts of the children to their fathers; … • Malachi4:4-6 • 'the prophet' is the official capacity – not 'the Tishbite'; his person • John the Baptist: Luke1:17; Math11:14; 17:10-13 • Moses & Elijah appear at Transfiguration (Math17:3) • Rev11:1-14 OLD Testament 430 BC Nehemiah - Malachi

  7. Inter-Testamental Period: “the silent years” OLD Testament NEW Testament 143 BC 430 BC 330 BC Greek Period: Alexander the Great 331-323BC “One of the greatest military commanders who ever lived!” Died from poison drink or illness – malaria or typhoid

  8. Inter-Testamental Period: Roman calendar: - invented by Romulus, founder of Rome in BC753 - lunar calendar - changed many times Julius Caesar introduced the Julian Calendar in BC45 – used in some countries until c20th when all changed to Gregorian calendar. (Pope Gregory VIII) Years were numbered based on when consuls took office – so 1Jan became the New Year. AD devised from AD525 to date the Easter celebrations. Determined Jesus wsa born on BC4 – when King Herod was alive (Math2) OLD Testament NEW Testament 4 BC 430 BC 0 Nehemiah - Malachi birth of John the Baptist birth of Jesus Christ

  9. Reading Plan:

  10. Canonisation: How we got our New Testament Canon = (Gk) measuring reed/rod; yardstick Metaphorically: standard. Canonisation = process to agree on what books to include/exclude in the New Testament Became known as a 'list of books/letters' approved for public reading in church services.

  11. New Testament:

  12. New Testament:

  13. New Testament:

  14. Canonisation: How we got our New Testament • Early Church did NOT have NT. • Preaches/testimonies/word-of-mouth for at least 30yrs • Jews had memorised the word (2Tim3:15 + Acts16:1) • Later shared letters (Col4:17) • Apostle's letters were carefully kept in Church chests with OT scrolls – to be read again & considered as 'Scripture'. • Only near end of AD100 that Paul's letters were collated, copied & circulated as a group of letters... 'The Church was being formed at the same time as the Bible.'

  15. Canonisation: How we got our New Testament Quotations of NT letters by early Church fathers (AD95-150) help us see what letters/books they recognised as part of the 'canon'. Quotes were so extensive, that virtually the entire NT can be reconstructed – except for 11 verses in 2 & 3John. Luke1:1-4 refers to many other accounts.

  16. Canonisation: How we got our New Testament • An early Gnostic heretic, Marcion, may have unconsciously played a provocative role: • He taught that the harsh God of the OT was opposed by the loving God of the NT; • That Jesus came as a messenger from the loving God; • That Jesus entrusted His message to the 12 apostles; • That they all failed to keep it from corruption; • & that Paul turned into the sole preacher of the uncorrupted message...

  17. Canonisation: How we got our New Testament • An early Gnostic heretic, Marcion, may have unconsciously played a provocative role: • He taught that the harsh God of the OT was opposed by the loving God of the NT; • That Jesus came as a messenger from the loving God; • That Jesus entrusted His message to the 12 apostles; • That they all failed to keep it from corruption; • & that Paul turned into the sole preacher of the uncorrupted message...

  18. Canonisation: How we got our New Testament By 4th & 5th centuries, all our NT books were generally recognised & others excluded – Church councils during those centuries formalised existing belief & practice concerning the NT canon. Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, listed the 27 books of our NT in his Easter letter in AD367. Our NT of today was formally accepted at the 3rd Council of Carthage in AD397 – really only confirmed what the Church already believed.

  19. Other writings:

  20. Other writings:

  21. Canonisation: How we got our New Testament • Traits that distinguished them from other mere books: • They were written based on the eyewitness testimony to the life, death, & resurrection Jesus Christ. • Peter helped Mark • Paul & others helped Luke • They told the truth about God & agreed with the rest of what Scripture teaches. • They were received by God's people & showed God's power in changing lives.

  22. Canonisation: How we got our New Testament Translation: BC250 OT into Greek (Septuagint) AD382 Pope Damasus I commissioned St Jerome to translate the complete Bible into Latin. AD1530 1st English version of Psalms AD1535 Myles Coverdale published the 1st full English Bible in Antwerp, Belgium. AD1611 KJV from Church of England

  23. Canonisation: How we got our New Testament Mark Driscoll: 4x types of English Translation: Word-for-Word (literal) – eg: KJV; NKJV; NASB; ESV Thght-for-Thght – eg: CEV; GNB; NIV; TNIV; NLT Paraphrase – eg: The Msge; Amplified; Living Corruption – eg: JW's 'New World Translation'

  24. Synoptic Gospels: • Matthew; Mark & Luke = quite similar: • Language • Material • Order of events • Sayings from the life of Christ. syn = together with + optic = seeing } = seeing together John is obviously different... 90% unique.

  25. Synoptic Gospels: • 91% of Mark is in Matthew • 53% of Mark is in Luke Why so similiar? • Oral tradition/story. • An early Gospel..? • Fragments..? • Mutual dependence. • Mark as a major source. • Matthew as the main source..? • Complete independence – 100% Holy Spirit led.

  26. Synoptic Gospels:

  27. Synoptic Gospels: Mark Driscoll

  28. Synoptic Gospels:

  29. How did Jesus interact with Scriptures? Mark Driscoll: 7x lessons from Jesus: Luke2:46-52 – He studied Scripture. Math4:1-11 – He memorised Scripture. John13:17 – He obeyed Scripture. Luke5:16 – in silence & solitude

  30. How did Jesus interact with Scriptures? Mark Driscoll: 7x lessons from Jesus: Math5 – Jesus lived in community. Math5/John3 – Jesus taught Scripture. John4/Luke19 – Jesus shared truths of Scripture with non-believers/ christians

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