How do you become a Non-Invasive Cardiologist?

1. How do you become a Non-Invasive Cardiologist?

2. Cardiology deals with a variety of medical conditions ranging from angina, arrhythmias to congenital heart disease and coronary artery disease. Consulting a cardiologist is vital for successfully treating heart diseases, which often have to be managed extensively over several years with the aid of medications and surgery. Cardiovascular diseases are importantly diagnosed with the aid of tests and procedures, which are performed by cardiologists.

3. The prevalence of heart disease in India and the world

4. What you need to know to understand cardiovascular disease The types of Cardiovascular Disease that a cardiologist has to deal with are many and range from myocardial infarction (heart attack) to narrowed arteries and veins, arrhythmias and diseases of heart valves. Congenital diseases of the heart, pericardial and heart muscle diseases are some of the other conditions that are grouped under CVDs. In India, especially as the population ages the instances of CVDs have steadily climbed. Worldwide WHO statistics indicate that 31% of all deaths were due to CVDs in 2016. Another statistic from the WHO shows that around three-quarters of all CVD related deaths occur in countries where the average income is either low or classified in the middle income category. In such a global scenario when cardiovascular diseases are the highest cause of mortality, cardiologists continue to play an important role and demand for their services will grow in future.

5. The role of a cardiologist in treating cardiovascular disease • Globally and in India a cardiologist helps in the diagnosis and treatment of those with CVDs. People with a variety of symptoms ranging from chest pain, to changes detected in routine ECGs are referred by general physicians to Cardiologists. Upon referral Cardiologists counsel patients on how to change their lifestyle so as to reduce their symptoms. In other cases cardiologists put patients through a variety of tests and then based on the results recommend or provide medications and treatment to patients. Trained to perform a variety of procedures when they study cardiology, cardiologists can perform several interventional procedures and also assist a heart surgeon when required.

6. Symptoms and Causes of Cardiovascular Diseases Figure 2. CVD DALYs Attributable to Metabolic Risk Factors, Globally, in India, and in the United States From 1990 to 2016 (Source: sciencedirect.com)

7. What differentiates a cardiologist from a cardiac surgeon? A cardiothoracic surgeon is trained over several years to operate on the heart, lungs and adjacent organs in the upper chest. Other cardiac surgeons often only specialize in surgeries of the heart and its valves. Cardiologists meanwhile are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases, ranging from mild cases of hypertension to problems such as angina and even heart rhythms issues. Some of the work that cardiologists do such as implantation of pacemakers can also be done by a cardiac surgeon. However, minimally-invasive cardiology and interventional procedures such as angioplasty, heart catheterizations, and stenting are performed by cardiologists. Cardiologists also play an important role in evaluating patients before heart surgery and work with cardiac surgeons to manage patients after surgery.

8. Understanding Cardiology • Invasive – Cardiology surgeries that require tissues and membranes to be incised and the chest to be opened. • Non-invasive – Under non-invasive cardiology the focus is on the use of tests and procedures carried out externally which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs. • Interventional – Based on the use of catheters, interventional cardiology minimizes scaring and pain after surgery, and includes procedures such angioplasty, Valvuloplasty and percutaneous coronary intervention.

9. Benefits and importance of Non-Invasive Cardiology • Non-invasive cardiology tests and procedures are routinely used to manage cardiovascular diseases more effectively, monitor rhythm issues in the heart and diagnose them. The benefits of these tests and procedures include better monitoring of patients who have cardiac disease. Early detection of a range of CVDs using nuclear cardiology, echocardiography, heart monitors and CT scans before they become serious issues and result in a major cardiac related problem is also another benefit. • A Fellowship in Non-Invasive Cardiology at Texila American University is the right choice for many, as it not only helps meet the increased demand for cardiologists, but also provides a specifically-designed Academic Curriculum that focuses on both theoretical and clinical components. This allows one to gain global exposure, and is a solid pathway to becoming a cardiac specialist. The program pathway allows for a Master of Medical Science (MMSc) Degree upon completion of a thesis, and includes opportunities to earn a stipend when training in hospitals.

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