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Lecture 5: Invasive Species

Lecture 5: Invasive Species. What is an Invasive Species?. Exotic species vs. invasive species. Why are Invasive Species Problematic?. Alteration of habitat Change in the diversity, abundance, and distribution of members of the preexisting natural communities Competition with native species

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Lecture 5: Invasive Species

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  1. Lecture 5: Invasive Species

  2. What is an Invasive Species? • Exotic species vs. invasive species

  3. Why are Invasive Species Problematic? • Alteration of habitat • Change in the diversity, abundance, and distribution of members of the preexisting natural communities • Competition with native species • Broad and cascading effects throughout communities and ecosystems

  4. Vectors for Introduction in Marine Environment • 1. Ocean-going ships, exploratory petroleum platforms • Ballast water, fouling organisms

  5. Vectors for Introduction in Marine Environment • 2. Canals

  6. Vectors for Introduction in Marine Environment • 3. Mariculture (Aquaculture)

  7. Vectors for Introduction in Marine Environment • 4. Saltwater Aquarium/Pet Industry

  8. Vectors for Introduction in Marine Environment • 5. Saltwater Bait Industry

  9. Vectors for Introduction in Marine Environment • 6. Marine and Maritime Plant Community Restoration/Erosion Control

  10. Vectors for Introduction in Marine Environment • 7. Scientific Research/Education

  11. Where do invasions occur? • Deep sea benthic habitats • Continental shelf pelagic habitats • Continental shelf sublittoral benthic habitats • Continental shelf sublittoral kelp beds • Intertidal zone • Rocky shores • Sandy beaches • Soft sediment shores

  12. Where do invasions occur? • Coral reefs • Estuaries • Mangroves • Salt marshes • Supralittoral fringe

  13. BIOINVASIONS Introduced Species Climate Change Fisheries Impacts Habitat Alteration Pollution Changes in Patterns of Fisheries and Mariculture Increased Numbers of Recreational Craft Changes in Trade Routes/Petroleum Exploration Adapted from Norse and Crowder 2005, Fig 8.1

  14. Challenges with Understanding Invasive Species • 1. Strong historical biases in the invasion record • 2. Limitations of taxonomy; cryptic invaders • 3. Decline in the study of marine invertebrates and algae

  15. Case Study: San Francisco Bay • Considered to be one of the most invaded aquatic regions in the world

  16. Corbulaamurensis Carcinusmaenas www.exoticsguide.org wdfw.wa.gov Caulerpataxifolia http://www.bsu.edu www.sfgate.com www.spartina.org

  17. Invasive Lionfish • Pteroisvolitans; Pterois miles • Up to 18” long • Ambush predators www.divingdr.com daniellesdives.wordpress.com

  18. Spread of Lionfish

  19. Shows a healthy food chain (left) versus one with fishing pressure and introduced lionfish, demonstrating the negative impact lionfish indirectly have on corals. Size of the organism indicates relative abundance and thickness of the arrow shows relative strength of the interaction. Solid arrows are direct effects and dashed arrows are indirect effects. Image taken from: Albins, M. A. and M. A. Hixon. 2011. Worst case scenario: potential long-term effects of invasive predatory lionfish (Pteroisvolitans) on Atlantic and Caribbean coral-reef communities. Environmental Biology of Fishes:1-7 speakupforblue.com

  20. keysnews.com

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