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Interviewing Principles and Guidelines

Interviewing Principles and Guidelines. Dr. Carolyn M. Byerly Associate Professor Department of Journalism. What is “interview method”?. An interactional method of data gathering in which a trained researcher uses questions to obtain information for a specific purpose

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Interviewing Principles and Guidelines

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  1. InterviewingPrinciples and Guidelines Dr. Carolyn M. Byerly Associate Professor Department of Journalism

  2. What is “interview method”? • An interactional method of data gathering • in which a trained researcher • uses questions to obtain information • for a specific purpose • from human participants • In face-to-face (or mediated) communication.

  3. What is meant by interactional? Interviews employ an exchange between interviewer and human participant in a question-answer format.

  4. Research value of interviews: • Human experience matters in the search for truth • Knowledge is always personal • The “personal” is always original and authentic • The “person” is a source of useful data

  5. Ethical guidelines • Interviews are a gift – be appreciative • Use your power wisely – interviews are not an “equal” relationship • Listen carefully and clarify when necessary • Record everything you learn accurately • Be respectful toward participants

  6. Kinds of interviews: • Loosely structured (dialogue, open-ended): Q. What makes a good news program? • Semi-structured (directed open-ended) Q. Which of the major news programs do you watch? • Structured (closed-ended) Q. Which of the following radio stations to you listen to? [list] • Some combination of the above

  7. What is an “interview schedule”? A list of questions that the researcher will ask participants in the study. NOTE: An interview schedule may also include “probes,” or cues to help solicit detail.

  8. Proper interview etiquette: • Set appointment in advance • Clarify purpose • Specify amount of time needed • Answer participant questions about project • Be on time • Be friendly but professional

  9. Sequencing an interview: • Level 1: safe exchanges • Thanks so much for coming, especially on such a cold day. Did you have far to drive? • Level 2: requires trust • I know you lost your broadcast license in 1999. Can you tell me more about the situation? • Level 3: involves full disclosure • How has loss of your business affected your life and career?

  10. Other guidelines: • Keep the interview on track • Use probes or gentle reminders • Let participants skip questions or end early • An IRB requirement • Keep clear, accurate records

  11. Getting IRB Approval • Know who needs to sign off • Write a clear, well-organized application • Submit it to IRB at least a month before you plan to start work • Do not begin interviewing till you get approval

  12. What to include in your IRB application: • Face page (signatures) • Purpose + significance • Timeline for work • Personnel (PI + others) • Method + procedures • Population to be sampled • Selection of participants • Risks & benefits to participants • Consent form

  13. Changing something in the plan requires IRB approval • You must submit a letter to IRB if you: • Add or change personnel • Change the research procedures • You must receive approval for these changes.

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