1 / 41

Joints

This chapter explores the different types of joints in the body, their structures and functions. Learn about fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints, as well as the various movements they allow. Discover common joint disorders and surgical interventions.

henrypeterson
Download Presentation

Joints

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Joints Chapter 7

  2. Joints (or articulations) • Where two or more bones meet • Functions: movement, hold skeleton together • Classified by structure (or function): • Fibrous (synarthroses): immovable joint • Cartilaginous (amphiarthroses): slightly movable • Synovial (diarthroses): freely movable

  3. Fibrous Joints • No movement • Located: • Sutures: bones of skull held together by connective tissue fibers • Between teeth & jaws

  4. Cartilaginous Joints • Bones united by cartilage • Located: • Epiphyseal plates • Rib & sternum • Pubic symphysis

  5. Synovial Joints • Bones separated by fluid-containing joint cavity • Synovial fluid reduces friction between cartilages • Menisci: fibrocartilage that partially divides a joint cavity at knee, reduces friction • Bursa: flattened sacs containing synovial fluid, occur where bones, ligaments, tendons, muscles, skin rub together

  6. Lateral & Medial Meniscus

  7. Torn medial meniscus

  8. Bursa (fluid-filled sac that cushions between bones & tendons/muscles

  9. Types of Synovial Joints • Plane– wrist • Hinge– elbow, ankle, fingers • Pivot– ulna/radius • Condyloid(ellipsoidal) – wrist, knuckle • Saddle– thumb • Ball-and-socket – shoulder, hip

  10. Types of Synovial Joints

  11. Joint Movement • Every skeletal muscle attached to bone or connective tissue at 2+ points • Origin: attached to immovable (less movable) bone • Insertion: attached to movable bone

  12. Types of Synovial Joint Movement • Gliding • Angular movements • Rotation

  13. 1. Gliding • Flat bone slips over another • Back-forth, side to side • Eg. Between vertebrae, wrist, ankle

  14. 2. Angular Movement • Increase or decrease angle between bones Types: • Flexion:  angle between bones (bend knee) • Extension:  angle along sagittal plane, straighten limbs, (unbend knee) • Abduction: “moving away” from midline along frontal plane (spread apart fingers) • Adduction: “move toward” midline (arm moving in) • Circumduction: make “cone” in space (pitcher winding up to throw ball)

  15. Flexion:  angle between bones

  16. Extension:  angle along sagittal plane, straighten limbs

  17. Hyperextension

  18. Abduction – Adduction - Circumduction

  19. 3. Rotation • Turn bone along long axis • Eg. Hip, shoulder, swivel head (C1/C2)

  20. Special Movements • Radius & Ulna: • Supination: bones are parallel, anatomical position • Sup- = “soup bowl” • Pronation: bones form an X, relaxed position • Pro- = pro-basketball player dribbles

  21. Special Movements • Elevation/Depression: and (shrug, chewing)

  22. Special Movements • Foot: inversion (medially)/eversion (laterally)

  23. Special Movements • Ankle: dorsiflexion (toes point up)/plantar flexion (toes point down)

  24. Special Movements • Jaw: protraction(jut out)/retraction (bring back in)

  25. Special Movements • Thumb: opposition (touch to other fingers on hand)

  26. Joint Disorders • Arthritis(joint inflammation) • Osteoarthritis: wear-and-tear, degeneration • Rheumatoid arthritis: chronic inflammation, autoimmune • Gout: uric acid deposits in soft tissue of joints • Sprain: ligaments stretched or torn • Dislocation: bones forced out of alignment • Bursitis: inflammation of bursa • Tendonitis: inflammation of tendons (overuse) • Lyme Disease: tick bite  joint pain, arthritis, skin rash, flu-like symptoms

  27. Common Knee Injury: Hockey Puck

  28. Knee Repair: ACL Surgery YouTube Video: ACL Surgery

  29. Knee Replacements

  30. Knee Replacement Surgery Knee Replacement Surgery (Pre-Op Video)

  31. Hip Joint

  32. Hip Arthritis

  33. Hip Replacements

More Related