Look up these terms

1. Look up these terms

2. ASSIGNMENT MONDAY 4th Look up Terms : Read pG 31 – 33 Do case study Q’s on page 33 • Hypothesis • Problem • Conclusion • Observation • Results • Experiment • Data • Variable • Experimental Group • Control Group • Correlation

3. Chapter 2 • MYSTERY DISEASE LAB • REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD • APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD

4. LAB

5. HEADLINE: LONDON 1854 OUTBREAK! Mystery Illness Kills Many! • 127 Die from mystery illness, many other towns people flee!! • Your job: Use the Clues to find the Source of the mystery Illness. SYMPTOMS: Victims have, EXPLOSIVE DIARRHEA that leads to extreme dehydration that kills in 24-48 hours.

7. Warm up • Describe the lab activity from yesterday’s class… • What did you think of the lab? • Did you work well with your group? • Was there a group leader? if so did you appoint the leader or did they just assume the role?

8. OBJECTIVES • Examine and Apply Scientific Method • Apply parts of scientific experiments

9. SO …WHERE & HOW? • TELL ME, what did you conclude? • Was it….The butcher?.. • The Baker?... • The toilets?

10. CHOLERA • Disease symptoms include: • Intense watery diarrhea • Vomiting Leading to: • Leg cramps • Dehydration • Shock

11. CHOLERA IS CHOLERA STILL A THREAT? VIDEO

12. EPIDEMIC vs PANDEMIC • EPI : Localized / smaller area • PAN : Global • What epidemic is happening now? • Where ? • Could it become a PANDEMIC? • Have there been any pandemics? • What?

13. EBOLA as per CDC website • VIRUS formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans • The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. • The average EVD case fatality rate is around 50%. Case fatality rates have varied from 25% to 90% in past outbreaks.

14. The first EVD outbreaks occurred in remote villages in Central Africa, but the most recent (Dec 13) outbreak in west Africa has involved major urban as well as rural areas. • Community engagement is key to successfully controlling outbreaks. Good outbreak control relies on applying a package of interventions, namely case management, surveillance and contact tracing, a good laboratory service, safe burials and social mobilisation.

15. Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. There is as yet no licensed treatment proven to neutralise the virus but a range of blood, immunological and drug therapies are under development. • There are currently no licensed Ebola vaccines but 2 potential candidates are undergoing evaluation. • VIDEO 1 2 3 • http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/

16. Broad Street • Eventually 616 people died of the cholera outbreak on Broad Street… • Dr. Snow used the scientific method and correlation to determine where and what the contamination source was. • Read Article on DR.SNOW and CHOLERA • Mode of Communication of Cholera (John Snow, 1855)

17. WEB SITES • WHO – World Health Organization for ebola info. • Beware of sensationalized news (abc, cbs, cnn…) • Cholera and John Snow info:

18. TOP 10 EPIDEMICS:http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/curiosity/topics/10-worst-epidemics.htm • 10: smallpox • 9: The Flu of 1918 • 8 : The Black Death • 7 : Malaria • 6 : Tuberculosis • 5 : Cholera • 4 : AIDS • 3 : Yellow Fever • 2 : Epidemic Typhus • 1 : Polio

21. Scientific Method • Dr.Snow used the scientific method to determine where the contamination of Cholera was coming from. • We will review the scientific method. This IS a review so you already know the steps and how they work. • Let’s begin

22. The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence.

23. Scientific Method Problem/Question Observation/Research Formulate a Hypothesis, make a prediction Experiment CollectData and AnalyzeInformation Conclusion Communicate the Results

24. ACRONYM …make one up • Problem • Observation • Hypothesis • Experiment • Data • Conclusion • Results • Please • Offer • Her • Extra • Dark • Chocolate • Raisins

25. Steps of the Scientific Method Problem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can be solved through experimentation.

26. Steps of the Scientific Method Observation/ Research: Make observations and research your topic of interest.

27. Do you remember the next step?

28. Hypothesis The hypothesis is an educated guess based on observations (about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables).

29. Steps of the Scientific Method Formulate a Hypothesis: IF / THEN statement, based on observations that leads to an educated guess and a prediction.

30. HYPOTHESIS Give me an example of a hypothesis. Example: If soil temperatures rise, then plant growth will increase.

31. Hypothesis VS guess • Hypothesis is based on observations whereas, a guess is not.

32. Steps of the Scientific Method Experiment: Develop and follow a procedure. The outcome must be measurable (quantifiable).

33. Steps of the Scientific Method Collect data and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if needed. Include tables, graphs, and photographs.

34. HOW DO YOU CONFIRM RESULTS? RETEST!!

35. Steps of the Scientific Method Conclusion: Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis. Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements to the procedure.

36. Steps of the Scientific Method Communicate the Results: Be prepared to present the project to an audience.

37. Think you can name all seven steps? Collect and Analyze Results Formulate a Hypothesis Communicate the Results Observation/Research Problem/Question Experiment Conclusion

38. HW : due tomorrowACRONYM …make one up • Problem • Observation • Hypothesis • Experiment • Data • Conclusion • Results • Please • Offer • Her • Extra • Dark • Chocolate • Raisins

40. independent variable • The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist. THE TOPIC OF INTEREST. • To insure a fair test, a good experiment has only one independent variable. As the scientist changes the independent variable, he or she observes what happens.

41. Independent variable • If my experiment is to feed my lizard cat food to see if he starts to meow… • The independent variable or TOPIC OF INTEREST is …. The cat food.

42. Independent variable • If my experiment is to feed my lizard cat food to see if he starts to meow… • The independent variable or TOPIC OF INTEREST is …. The cat food.

43. LEVELS OF THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE The independent variable that is manipulated by the experimenter will have several different values, and these different values are called the levels of the independent variable. • For example, if temperature were the independent variable in an experiment, then 10ºC, 20ºC, 30ºC, and 40ºC might be the different levels.

44. dependent variable • The RESULT or effect of the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE . • If the lizard starts to meow… then the meow is the dependent variable. • The new value of the dependent variable is caused by and depends on the value of the independent variable

45. Dependent variable • If my experiment is to feed my lizard cat food to see if he starts to meow… • The dependent variable or EFFECT of the topic of interest is …. Whether the lizard MEOWS.

46. Control Group • NORMAL situation – used for comparison • This group receives NO experiment so that we have a comparison.

47. Experimental Group • Group that receives experimental treatment.

48. Constants • Things in an experiment that stay CONSTANT (don’t change) to be sure an experiment is fair. • Example: If I was testing coffee to see if it made a tomato plant grow bigger – I would set up 2 identical situations; same tomato species, same temperature, same amount of liquid, same sunlight…..

49. Simpsons worksheet • Complete the Simpsons scientific method worksheet. • This worksheet is due FRIDAY upon arrival to class.