Islam

1. Islam A Brief Introduction

2. slm or salaam Peace or Wholeness Submission Participial Form – Muslim – one who submits Some Initial Ideas

3. 1.2 million Muslims 56 countries Fastest growing religion in the world Only 20% of Muslims are Arab Most Arabs are Muslim; most Muslims are not Arab Largest Muslim population is in Indonesia Figures

4. Muhammad • Born c.570 CE near Makkah • Father Abdullah • Mother Amina • Grandfather Abd-al-Muttalib • Uncle Abu-Talib

5. Major Life Events • Met Khadijah at 25 • 610 first of his revelations • 619 Abu-Talib dies; marries Sawdah

6. Night of Ascents Conversations with important figures in biblical history Muslim rules for prayer revealed Lailat ul-Miraj

7. Fled from Makkah to Yathrib in 622 Yathrib becomes Madinat or City of the Prophet Madinat and Makkah at war for a number of years Muhammad eventually rules both cities before his death in 632. More Life Events

8. caliph = successor Four Rightly Guided Caliphs Abu Bakr (632-634) Umar ibn al-Khattab (634-644) Uthman ibn Affan (644-656) Ali (656-661) Caliphate

9. Ali Married to Fatima (only surviving child of Muhammad and Khadijah) Cousin of Muhammad Partisans who favored him called Shiah Once Ali was caliph Challenged by Aisha (widow of Muhammad and daughter of Abu Bakr) Mu’awiyah (Umayyad and governor of Syria) Kharajites Umayyad Dynasty 661-750 Questions of Succession

10. 85% Sunni Four Rightly Guided Political and Military leadership key – not religious 15% Shiah Power grab by Sunni Direct descendents of prophet’s family Not a prophet but still inspired Sunni and Shia(h)

11. Zaydi or Fivers Zayd ibn Alia Yemen 893-1963 Isma’ili or Seveners Jafar al-Sadiq Agha Khan Twelvers Muhammad al-Muntazar mujtahids Current Agha Khan Shiah

12. Tariqah – spiritual or interior path Started as a reform movement Feasting, poverty, celibacy, rhythmic chanting, breathing exercises, whirling dervish Sufi

13. Basic Duties and Obligations of all Muslims Explain the relationship between the believer and Allah Number One: Shahadah There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger Public declaration before two witnesses Five Pillars of Islam

14. Five times daily Fajr, zuhr, asr, maghrib, isha Wudu or ritual cleansing No shoes Proper Dress Rakah Salat al-jama’ah Number Two: Salah

15. Purity Charity At the end of the year, if you have 85 grams of gold after expenses, you give at a rate of 2.5% Number Three: Zakah

16. During the month of Ramadan No food, water, smoking or sex during daylight hours Menstruating, pregnant, nursing women are exempt as are the sick, elderly, and young children Those in military service or on a long journey are also exempt Donate cost of meals if you cannot do the fast Number Four: Sawm or Fasting

17. Number Five: Hajj or Pilgrimage • Dhu al-Hijah • Haram • Ihram • Tawaf • Ka’aba • Once in your lifetime

18. Qur’an means ‘recitation’ It was revealed to Muhammad over 23 yrs (610-622) by the angel Gabriel Oral and fluid in his lifetime The “Satanic Verses” were once heard, but later declared not right Scripture

19. Zayd ibn Thabit Abu Bakr Uthman 114 surahs Verses are ayah/ayat Tajwid – proper pronunciation Tilawah – reading with all of your heart, soul, mind, strength More on the Qur’an

20. Talk or speech Story or matn List of names or isnad Hadith qudsi Divine revelations Hadith sharif About Muhammad’s life Provide the Sunnah or the foundation used to develop Shariah (Islamic legal system Hadith

21. Four Sources Qur’an Hadith Qiyas (analytical reasoning) Use analogies Ijma (Consensus) Ulama or religious scholars Two Main Divisions Ibadat Fundamental duties or obligations Muamalat Contract, International, Family Law. Social Duties. Shariah

22. Muhammad ibn Abd-Wahab (1703-1791) Muwahiddun Brotherhood of Ikhwan Neo-Wahabbism Ikhwan Salifiyya Taliban Key Dates 1811 1818 1821-1833 1884 1889 1902 1932 Wahhabi