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RECONSTRUCTION

RECONSTRUCTION. 10% Plan Johnson Presidency Radical Republicans Reconstruction Compromise of 1877. Andrew Johnson. Lincoln: 10% Plan, 13 Amendment Slavery abolished in 1865 Two Camps on Reconstruction Moderates: abolish slavery, not much else Radical Republicans: Prevent rebel leaders

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RECONSTRUCTION

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  1. RECONSTRUCTION 10% Plan Johnson Presidency Radical Republicans Reconstruction Compromise of 1877

  2. Andrew Johnson • Lincoln: 10% Plan, 13 Amendment • Slavery abolished in 1865 • Two Camps on Reconstruction • Moderates: abolish slavery, not much else • Radical Republicans: Prevent rebel leaders • From returning to power, protect black rights • Andrew Johnson becomes president • Poor, southern Jacksonian, racist Democrat • 10% plan, pardons 13,000 except rich • Black codes: South restricts black rights

  3. Andrew Johnson 1864-1868

  4. Radical Republicans • Leaders: T. Stevens, C. Sumner, G. Julian • Freedman’s Bureau: 1st Fed welfare • Agency: food, schools, hospitals, legal aid • It only ran from 1865-1869 • Land Reform: Sherman 40 acres & mule • Freedman’s Bureau distributed rebel land: 300,000 to 40,000 people • Southern Homestead Act of 1866: Only 4,000 people take offer.

  5. Republicans Fight with Johnson • Johnson vetoes Civil Rights bill • Congress overrides veto • Passes 14 Amendment • All people born in US citizen • All people “equal protection under the law.” • Congressional Reconstruction • 50% loyalty, agree to 14 Amend • 5 military zones • 15 Amendment: all have right to vote • regardless of “race, color…”

  6. Impeachment • Johnson replaces Republican officers • With Democrats • He threatens to fire Sec of Defense • Congress passes 11 articles of impeachment. ”Last battle on Slavery.” • Johnson 7 votes shy of impeachment • President has right to fire cabinet • Height of Radical Republican power

  7. Johnson Impeachment Trial

  8. Political Fights • Ku Klux Klan: grassroots terrorist • Organization used to kill and intimidate • Blacks Republicans • Republicans lose control of GA, LA 1868 • Ku Klux Klan Act: Grant sends troops • But federal government loses will power • State by state Democrats return to power • By 1877

  9. Blacks return to quasi plantation • Freed black labor: wages? Contracts? • Sharecropping: maintains family unit • They work their own plot of land • 50% of crop goes to landowner • Debt peonage • Entrenched poverty • Jim Crow Laws: segregation, 2nd class

  10. Compromise of 1877 • 1877: GOP Hayes v. Dems Tilden • Tilden wins 300,000 more pop votes • 4 states in dispute: commission • Compromise: Hayes will serve as president • Dems agree to honor 14 Amendment • GOP agree to withdraw troops • Build southern transcontinental railroad • Pick a Democrat Post Master

  11. Rutherford Hayes: 1876-1880

  12. 1876 Campaign Poster

  13. Chapter 16 • 13,14,15 Amendments • Freedman’s Bureau • Sharecropping • Jim Crow Laws • Compromise of 1877

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