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Ch.1 Matter and Change. 1.3 Elements. Elements. elements are pure substances organized by properties on periodic table. Elements. each square shows the name and letter symbol for each element usually the symbols relate to the English names but some come from older names (usually Latin)
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Ch.1 Matter and Change 1.3 Elements
Elements • elements are pure substances • organized by properties on periodic table
Elements • each square shows the name and letter symbol for each element • usually the symbols relate to the English names but some come from older names (usually Latin) • Ex: gold’s symbol is Au from aurum • Ex: iron’s symbol is Fe from ferrum
Groups also called families vertical columns numbered 118 have similar chemical properties Periods horizontal rows properties changes consistently across a period numbered 1-7 Periodic Table
Periodic Table • two rows below the periodic table are the lanthanide and actinide series • these rows fit after #57 and #89 • they are only at the bottom to keep the width of the chart smaller
Types of Elements • Metals • an element that is a good conductor of electricity • at room temperature, most are solids • malleable- can be rolled or hammered into sheets • ductile- can be made into wire • high tensile strength- can resist breakage when pulled • most have silvery or grayish white luster
Types of Elements • Nonmetals • an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity • many are gases at room temperature • some are solids: usually brittle, not malleable
Types of Elements • Metalloids • an element that has some characteristics of metals and nonmetals • appear along staricase line • B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te • all are solids at room temperature • less malleable that metals but less brittle than nonmetals • are semiconductors
Types of Elements • Noble Gases • generally unreactive gases • in far right column of periodic table (Group 18)