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British Beginnings

British Beginnings. Unit 1.3. Happenings in Britain Leading to more Colonization. Enclosure Movement – wool prices rise. More farms with pastures fenced in by private owners and common areas eliminated. Unemployed “gangs” needing a place to go.

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British Beginnings

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  1. British Beginnings Unit 1.3

  2. Happenings in Britain Leading to more Colonization • Enclosure Movement – wool prices rise. More farms with pastures fenced in by private owners and common areas eliminated. Unemployed “gangs” needing a place to go. • Ireland – formation of plantations and Indentured servants • Laborers under contract for a set period of years (7 common) • English Civil War and later Glorious Revolution – many left England for North America

  3. Effects of John Rolfe • Transformed agriculture • Plantation system – cash crops • Used indentured servants in beginning • Why be one? • 1620 – 1st Africans as indentured servants • Headright System – 50 acres of land for each family member and/or indentured servant you brought over • How would that help both the colonies and England?

  4. Early Independence • House of Burgesses established in Virginia in 1619 • White landowners able to create some of their own laws in a representative assembly • How is this different than other colonies?

  5. Bad Pork? • Bacon’s Rebellion – 1675 • Western farmers on frontier attacked by Indians • Many former Indentured Servants • Gov. William Berkeley would not send troops • Nathaniel Bacon would lead militia against Indians and then attacked tidewater plantations (rich) • Rebellion put down after Bacon killed • Would lead to a less use of Indentured servants and more slaves. • What other American “ideals” does this show?

  6. Reformation in England Effects • Church of England (Anglican Church) started by King Henry VIII • Idea of Predestination started by John Calvin • Protestant / Catholic conflicts in England • Where do Catholics now go? • Separatists – wanted to separate from Church of England (Pilgrims) • Puritans – wanted to purify the church

  7. Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony • Pilgrims were Separatists • Landed at Plymouth Plantation in 1620 • William Bradford – leader • Squanto and Samoset – Indians that helped them • Why did the Indians helped them? • 1st Thanksgiving • Pilgrims/Plymouth eventually overrun by Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans

  8. Early American Idea • Mayflower Compact • Signed when Pilgrims landed • Idea of majority rule, but protection of minorities. • Why did they have this? • Also lead to the idea of the Supremacy Clause in the U.S. Constitution.

  9. Massachusetts Bay Colony • 1630 – 1000 Puritans in families arrived • Organized with mixture of skilled trades • How was this different from Jamestown? • Great Migration – 20,000+ moved (English Civil War) • Theocracy led by John Winthrop • “City upon a Hill”by Winthrop – Boston as a model for the rest of the world (Utopia)

  10. Religious Based Massachusetts • Puritan laws, education, family based on religion • Harvard – 1st college in America – Why started? • Cotton Mather – early conservative preacher • Idea of the Puritan/Protestant Work Ethic • “Idle hands are the devil’s work” • Based on Predestination idea • What would be a problem with this? • Halfway Covenant – allowed baptism of children who were not believers. Why?

  11. Dissenters from Puritan church • Roger Williams • Idea of “Liberty of Conscience” – freedom of religion • Believed in separation of church and government • Fled in 1636 and started colony of Rhode Island • Anne Hutchinson • Believed in Antinomianism • “free will” / conversion • Preached to men • Banned in 1638, she and her followers moved to Rhode Island

  12. Problems in City Upon the Hill • Pequot War – 1637, nearly wiped out tribe (thanks to Williams help with other tribes) • King Phillip’s War – 1675 • Splitting of Iroquois • Showed impact of flintlock • Puritans made little effort to work with Indians. • Salem Witchcraft Trials – 1692 • Tituba and young girls • 19 hung, 1 pressed, 150+ jailed • Conflicts – Religious tensions, Indian pressure, Wealth/Jealousy • Effect – power of church decreases

  13. WAKE UP!!! • Great Awakening (1730s and 40s) • Series of revivals, rebirth of church • Creation of new churches • “New Light” Preachers • Against “old light” ideas • “Fire and Brimstone” Sermons • Jonathon Edwards – “Sinners at the hands of an Angry God” • George Whitfield

  14. Reflection Questions • What were some early American ideals that were established in the Virginia and Plymouth colonies? • What is Indentured Servitude and why would someone do it? Why was it used early on in America, but later not used as much? • The Puritans came to America for religious freedom, but what happened when someone else wanted that freedom? Give examples. • Which colony’s settlers were better prepared when they arrived and why – Virginia or Massachusetts? • What happened to the Native Americans in the British North American colonies?

  15. Links • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-iRa6jtuh4 - review video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_A-7N7qFia8 – APUSH We didn’t start the fire • http://www.earlyamerica.com/ - Early America Archives • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8BwWBc571k&playnext=1&list=PL46F79A6BB3CD6CAB&feature=results_main – School House Rock • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-uR7RumaA – sinners sermon

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