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Introducing our guest speaker

Introducing our guest speaker. Dr. Richard Gautheir B.Sc. M.I.T. in 1967 in physics M.Sc. University of Illinois 1971 in physics Ph.D. Stanford University 1977 in psychology. Peace Corps in Ghana Applied Psychologist Computer information display design, Bell Labs

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Introducing our guest speaker

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  1. Introducing our guest speaker • Dr. Richard Gautheir • B.Sc. M.I.T. in 1967 in physics • M.Sc. University of Illinois 1971 in physics • Ph.D. Stanford University 1977 in psychology

  2. Peace Corps in Ghana • Applied Psychologist Computer information display design, Bell Labs • Ecological Advisor, Poland • Yoga Psychology Teacher, Washington, DC and throughout Europe,1981-96. • Physics Adjunct instructor (since 2006) and SSU (since 2011). • Has ongoing theoretical research in Quantum theory and Cosmology.

  3. Last week’s business

  4. More info about PHAGE? • Go to: http://www.phageinternational.com/

  5. From that site, go to the “therapy” site: http://www.phagetherapycenter.com/pii/PatientServlet?command=static_home

  6. Question of the week We know that there are some bacteria DIRECTLY beneficial to humans. Are there viruses, similar to bacteria, that DIRECTLY benefit humans?

  7. Viruses can help when • They are dead (or unconscious!).......................No • Engineered to attack bacteria or specific cell....No • Remember Phage?............................................YES

  8. Since ancient times, reports of river waters having the ability to cure infectious diseases have been documented, such as leprosy • In 1896, Ernest HanburyHankin reported that something in the waters of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers in India had marked antibacterial action against cholera and could pass through a very fine porcelain filter.

  9. FDA and USDA have approved ListShield as a food additive to target and kill Listeriamonocytogenes. • Also used for for treating ready-to-eat (RTE) poultry and meat products.

  10. The winner is….

  11. Quote of the week • “I am not afraid of an army of lions led by a sheep, I am afraid of an army of sheep led by a lion” ― Alexander the great

  12. Last week we covered several Billion years in 2 hours • We will slow down this week • We will cover only several million years!

  13. Week 2 Pre-historic and Ancient (Up to 500 AD)

  14. Use of tools • It used to be “Oldowan” stone tools around 2.6 million years ago.

  15. NOW…Oldest human tool More than 3 million years ago

  16. Fossilized bones scarred by hack marks reveal that our human ancestors were using stone tools and eating meat from large mammals nearly a million years earlier than previously thought. • From: http://news.discovery.com/history/early-human-tool-use.html

  17. According to a new study that pushes back both of these human activities to roughly 3.4 million years ago. • From: http://news.discovery.com/history/early-human-tool-use.html

  18. Sharp object is the simplest tool • Animal horns • Plants thorn • Bird’s beak

  19. Pressure = force/area How does it work?

  20. Spears • Human ancestors were using stone-tipped spears to hunt 500,000 years ago, 200,000 years earlier than previously thought.

  21. Spears • Creating a stone-tipped spear would have required • attaching stone to wood • handling multiple types of material at once • planning • goal-oriented behavior.

  22. Spears • The stone tips were found at an archaeological site called Kathu Pan 1 in the 1980s. In 2010, the tips were dated. By SINDYA N. BHANOO, Published: November 19, 2012, NYTimes.

  23. Bows and Arrow • The scientists unearthed 64,000 year-old "stone points", which they say were probably arrow heads.

  24. Bows and Arrow • Closer inspection of the ancient weapons revealed remnants of blood and bone that provided clues about how they were used.

  25. Bows and Arrow • The shape of the geometric pieces indicated where it had been impacted and damaged, and how they were hafted.

  26. Hafting

  27. Bows and Arrow • “ This showed that the pieces were very likely to have been the tips of projectiles – rather than sharp points on the end of hand-held spears,”

  28. Bows and Arrow • The arrow heads also contained traces of glue - plant-based resin that the scientists think was used to fasten them onto a wooden or reed shaft. • DrMarlize Lombard, a researcher and lecturer in Anthropology at the University of Johannesburg (UJ).

  29. Dagger and Sward • The oldest sword-like weapons are found at Arslantepe, Turkey, and date to around 3300 BC.

  30. Dagger and Sward • However, it is generally considered that these are longer daggers, and not the first ancestors of swords.

  31. Dagger and Sward • Sword blades longer than 60 cm (24 in) were rare and not practical until the late Bronze Age • At longer lengths, the tensile strength of bronze starts to decrease radically, and consequently longer blades would bend easily.

  32. Dagger and Sward • It was not until the development of stronger alloys such as steel, and improved heat treatment processes that long swords became practical for combat.

  33. Early “iron” swards were hardened by cold working, same as bronze age swards. • Later on, with the advancement of blacksmithery, Carburization was employed in sword making.

  34. Famous swords. Damascus Sward • created from wootz steel, a steel developed in India around 300 BC. • Traces of nanowire and carbon nanotube were found. (2006 report)

  35. Famous swords. Sword of Goujian (about 2700 years old) • The body of the blade is mainly made of copper, making it more pliant and less likely to shatter • The edges have more tin content, making them harder and capable of retaining a sharper edge

  36. Famous swords. Hallstatt (900 BC) • Made from bronze or iron. • The power to deliver the slashing blow (heavy blades, thick necks), with no attempt to preserve the power of thrusting (blunt, triangular points)

  37. Famous swords. Roman sword (or Gladius) • 3rd century BC • Blade strength was achieved by welding together strips, in which case the sword had a channel down the center. • The owner's name was often engraved or punched on the blade.

  38. Famous swords (more recent) • Scimitar Swards (middle east) 9th century AD • Samurai (Katana) Swards (Japanese) 10th century AD

  39. Chinese Swards

  40. Question of the week • Please answer: True or False? • The “blood groove” (or fuller) is on a sword to release pressure in the wound and allow the sword to come back out

  41. Prizes, book + 2 theatre tickets

  42. Catapult/Trebuchet • Catapult Invented by Greeks (400 BC) • First trebuchets were used in China around 300 BC. • Their use continued up to the Middle Ages.

  43. Trebuchet designs in the 21st century!

  44. Both Catapult and Trebuchet mechanism is based on Shadoufs (3000 BC by Egyptians).

  45. We use it today in cranes and elevator (counterweight)

  46. Item used : • Stones • Sharp wooden poles and darts • Fire • Casks of Burning Tar • Burning Sand ( this became trapped inside armor ) • Pots of Greek Fire • Dung • Dead, sometime mutilated, bodies • Disease ridden bodies • Body parts • Dead animals • Any rotting matter • Quicklime • FROM: http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/trebuchet.htm

  47. Archimedes death-ray (fact or fiction?)

  48. Modern day version of death ray

  49. Picture I took (1/11/2013)

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