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Business Processes in the Real World

Business Process Technology Group Winter Semester 2009/2010. Business Processes in the Real World. Agenda. Official Information Seminar Timeline Tasks Outline Topics. Official Information. Title: Business Processes in the Real World Credit Points: 6 SWS: 4

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Business Processes in the Real World

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  1. Business Process Technology Group Winter Semester 2009/2010 Business Processes in the Real World

  2. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Agenda • Official Information • Seminar Timeline • Tasks Outline • Topics

  3. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Official Information • Title: Business Processes in the Real World • Credit Points: 6 • SWS: 4 • Registration Deadline: 4 November 2009 • http://www.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/studium/lehrangebot/veranstaltung/business_processes_in_the_real_world.html • http://bpt.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/Public/BPT-WS200910

  4. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Seminar Timeline Invited talk + submission of paper draft for review Paper submission +implementation Short presentation Submission of reviews Topics submission Preliminary presentation Final presentation How to do a good presentation How to write a research paper Opening presentation 26 November Today 4 November 5 November 12 November 10 December 21 January 4 February 11 February 28 January

  5. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Grading System Invited talk + submission of paper draft for review Paper submission +implementation Short presentation Submission of reviews Preliminary presentation Final presentation

  6. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Topic Distribution three topics ranked by preference + name, student ID number emilian.pascalau@hpi.uni-potsdam.de sergey.smirnov@hpi.uni-potsdam.de topics submission opening presentation Today 4 November

  7. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Short Presentation Short presentation ≈ 5 min talk + 5 min discussion problem overview 12 November

  8. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Preliminary Presentation preliminary presentation ≈ 20 min talk + 10 min discussion technical aspects 10 December

  9. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Invited talk – 21.01.2010 • Roundtrip Business Process Management • Oracle provides leading products for business process management through a pre-integrated portfolio of products that span modeling tools for business analysts, developer tools for system integration, business activity monitoring for dashboards, and user interaction for process participants. • Oracle Business Process Analysis (BPA) Suite speeds process innovation by rapidly modeling business processes and converting them into IT executables. Oracle BPA Suite, based on ARIS Technology, delivers a comprehensive set of integrated products that allows business users to design, model, simulate, and optimize business processes. Modeling methods include BPMN and EPCs. • The Business Process Models are than shared as blueprints with the IT to further implement the Business Process in the real life, i.e. the production environment. Execution data is gathered throughout the lifetime and could then be used for the next evolution of the Business Process Model. Throughout the session we will develop the concept and demonstrate the methods and tools using the software from the Oracle Fusion Middleware. Dr. Jens Hündling Senior Sales Consultant / Senior Systemberater

  10. Review process Submission of paper draft for review Submission of reviews 21 January 28 January

  11. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Final Presentation ≈ 20 min talk +10 min discussion overview of the whole work Final presentation 4 February

  12. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Final Paper Submission Paper submission +implementation max 16 pages LNCS style PDF 11 February

  13. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Topics

  14. Ahmed Awad and Emilian Pascalau Ahmed.Awad@hpi.uni-potsdam.de Emilian.Pascalau@hpi.uni-potsdam.de From Resource Allocation to Monitoring The Case of BPMN to jBPM

  15. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Task • Problem Description • Expressing allocation constraints for resources at design time is not sufficient to guarantee correct execution • Allocation constraints must be monitored at the process execution time to ensure control • Given • A process model expressed in, e.g., BPMN / BPEL4People • A set of resources distributed among roles • A set of resource allocation constraints, e.g., SoD • An execution platform, e.g., jBPM • Achieve • Analyze the support for activity lifecyle • Analyze the support for monitoring allocation constraints • An instant monitoring of allocation constraints • NTH: A prototypical implementation, but at least concrete guidelines on how to proceed

  16. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Example At Design time Resources: X,Y,Z At Runtime: instance ID 44599 1 Start Create Request(X) 2 Complete Create Request(X) 3 Start Approve Request(Y) 4 Delegate Approve Request(Y, X) 5 Complete Approve Request(X) Violation to SoD and must be blocked

  17. Literature: • http://jboss.org/jbossjbpm/ • http://jboss.org/jbossjbpm/jbpm_documentation/ (jBPM 4 User Guide, jBPM Developers Guide) • http://www.jboss.org/feeds/post/activity_monitoring_part_1_a_twitter_example • BPMN 1.1/2.0 Specification • From Regulatory Policies to Event Monitoring Rules: Towards Model-Driven Compliance Automation, 2006. Christopher Giblin, Samuel Müller, and Birgit Pfitzmann. http://domino.watson.ibm.com/library/CyberDig.nsf/papers/8568614878E51E9B85257205003600D7/$File/rz3662.pdf

  18. Gero Decker Gero.Decker@hpi.uni-potsdam.de Spreadsheet-based process modeling – opportunities and limitations

  19. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Spreadsheet-based process modeling • Process modeling • Graphical languages require extensive training • Tool handling requires training  Graphical process modeling involves barriers  Low acceptance for graphical modeling by „casual modelers“ Idea: Spreadsheets enjoy broad acceptance for structured documentation • Task • Survey existing approaches to table-based / text-based process modeling • Survey existing tools • Compare their expressiveness with EPCs and BPMN • Perform experiments with both modeling styles • Modeling speed? • Model quality?

  20. Adela del Río Ortega adeladelrio@us.es Towards Measuring Business Processes

  21. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Introduction

  22. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Clasification Criteria

  23. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Task • Given the previous classification criteria and others found in the literature or of your own, develop a catalogue of KPIs for Business Processes expressed in BPMN. Literature: • BPMN 1.1/2.0 Specification • RosellaAiello: Workflow Performance Evaluation. Ph.D. Dissertation, march 2004: www.dia.unisa.it/professori/dottorato/TESI/tesi-aiello.pdf • Félix García, Manuel F. Bertoa, Coral Calero, Antonio Vallecillo, Francisco Ruíz, Mario Piatini, Marcela Genero: Towards a consistentterminologyfor software measurement. Informationand Software Technologyvol. 48(8), pp. 631-644, 2006 • Beatriz Mora, Félix García, Francisco Ruiz, Mario Piattini: SMML: Software MeasureModelingLanguage. 8th OOPSLA WorkshoponDomain-SpecificModeling. • BranimirWetzstein, ZhileiMa, Frank Leymann: TowardsMeasuringKey Performance IndicatorsofSemantic Business Processes. Business Information Systems 2008 • Adela del-Río-Ortega, Mauel Resinas: TowardsmodellingandtracingKey Performance Indicators. PNIS Workshop 2009 • C. Mayerl, K. Hner, J.U. Gaspar, C. Momm, S. Abeck: Definitionofmetricdependenciesformonitoringtheimpactofqualityofservicesonqualityofprocesses. Second IEEE/IFIP International Workshopon Business-driven IT Management (Munich), pp. 1–10, 2007 • M. Castellanos, F. Casati, M.C. Shan, U. Dayal: ibom: a platformforintelligentbusinessoperationmanagement. Proceedings. 21st International Conferenceon Data Engineering, 2005., Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, pp. 1084– 1095. 2005 • KPI library: http://kpilibrary.com/

  24. Alexander Grosskopf Alexander.Grosskopf@hpi.uni-potsdam.de Empirical Research on a BPMN process repository

  25. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Empirical Research on a BPMN process repository • Context: empirical research, process usage patterns, clusters of models • Task: The Oryx-Editor Repository contains more than 1500 BPMN models. Nobody ever had access to such a large BPMN repository. Thus we expect golden nuggets of insights hidden here. • Familiarize with existing empirical research on process model databases. Try out different techniques to cluster models, e.g. on the element usage, the workflow patterns frequency or ontologically familiar models. It will be on you to identify interesting findings. • Literature: • Determining Relevance and Quality in Bottom-Up Business Process Modeling Communities, Jan Brunnert, BPT SS 2009 • How Much Language is Enough? Theoretical and Practical Use of the Business Process Modeling Notation, zur Muehlen and Recker (2008) • Workflow Patterns in BPMN, Attachment B of xBPMN - Thesis, Alexander Grosskopf • Oryx-Trunk/tools/statistics (reads BPMN-JSON and generates simple statistics)

  26. Matthias Kunze and Alexander Großkopf Matthias.Kunze@hpi.uni-potsdam.de Alexander.Grosskopf@hpi.uni-potsdam.de Process Model Quality

  27. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Process Model Quality • research on a set of process model metrics • generalized metrics and propose a conceptual framework to capture and combine these metrics • apply a combination of these metrics to a set of process models Which is easier - to understand - to maintain - to apply

  28. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Task • Research on a set of process model metrics; each metric should be evaluated with regard to the aspired quality aspect, and its impact. The metrics found then need to be generalized and a conceptual framework needs to be developed that allows to capture all of these metrics and combine them into a larger measurement for process model quality. Such a framework could be, for instance, a frameworks that combines declarative descriptions of quality aspects and assigns metrics to these descriptions. • implement a subset, e.g., three, of the evaluated metrics in an instance of the developed framework and apply it to a set of process models, from the Oryx process model repository. Literature: • Determining Relevance and Quality in Bottom-Up Business Process Modeling Communities (Jan Brunnert) Paper von Jan Brunnert • Elvira Rolón, Laura Sánchez, Félix García, Francisco Ruiz, Mario Piattini, Danilo Caivano, Giuseppe Visaggio, "Prediction Models for BPMN Usability and Maintainability," E-Commerce Technology, IEEE International Conference on, pp. 383-390, 2009 IEEE Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing, 2009. • Mendling, Jan and Reijers, Hajo and van der Aalst, Wil M. (2008) "Seven Process Modeling Guidelines (7PMG)" • Mendling Jan, and Reijers, Hajo and Cardoso Jorge (2007) "What Makes Process Models Understandable?", Business Process Management 2007

  29. Emilian Pascalau Emilian.Pascalau@hpi.uni-potsdam.de Daily life Business Processes on the Web

  30. Conferences on a Google Calendar • Problem: • Creating list of conferences and adding them on a calendar is a time consuming task. Usually this process involves finding conferences that tackle a specific topic and adding these conferences on a calendar. In addition it might involve also related literature. • Services: • http://www.cs.wisc.edu/dbworld/browse.html • http://www.sciencedirect.com/ • http://www.google.com/calendar • Requirements: • All these services must interact in one page. • To allow users to automatically search the DBWorld conference listing service. Interesting entries are those that contain the search term and are not in the past (later than the current date) • To provide a list articles using the Elsevier Science Direct service related to the inserted serach term • Upon request, the DBWorld entries returned by the search should be added as events on a Google Calendar. • To allow the user to scroll through the related articles, he/she will be requested to manually specify the entries to be added on the calendar. In this way the articles of interest will be added to the description section of the events, in the calendar. • All the articles that are of interest (meaning that the user clicks on the associated articles' links) should be added as part of the description in the calendar event.

  31. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Daily life Business Processes on the Web • Task: Model the proposed use case using BPMN by taking into account the use case’s context (web, browser). Provide a discussion on the suitability of using BPMN to model such use cases. Identify and argue if certain workflow patterns could be used in modeling such an use case. Implement the proposed mashup. • Literature: • Weske, M.: Business Process Management: Concepts, Languages, Architectures. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (2007) • http://www.workflowpatterns.com/ • Emilian Pascalau and Adrian Giurca: A Rule-Based Approach of Creating and Executing Mashups. Proceedings of the 9th IFIP Conference on e-Business, e-Services and e-Society (I3E2009). LNCS Springer (2009)

  32. Emilian Pascalau and Ahmed Awad Emilian.Pascalau@hpi.uni-potsdam.de Ahmed.Awad@hpi.uni-potsdam.de Process monitoring capabilities for jBPM and YAWL

  33. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Process monitoring capabilities for jBPM and YAWL • Context: Process Monitoring is important for at least several reasons: it can help improve processes; provides a real traces of the process execution; can help in discovering bottlenecks etc. • Task: • conceptual framework of these tools in the form of a meta-model, UML class diagrams. The meta-model should depict the conceptual artifacts used in the systems (i.e. processes, activities, monitoring concepts such as events, activity states and resource allocation etc.) • execution semantics • level of support for execution history (history of instances) • discussion on the two meta-modelswith respect to the concepts in the literature Literature: • http://www.yawl-system.com/ • http://jboss.org/jbossjbpm/ • http://jboss.org/jbossjbpm/jbpm_documentation/ (jBPM 4 User Guide, jBPM Developers Guide) • http://www.jboss.org/feeds/post/activity_monitoring_part_1_a_twitter_example • From Regulatory Policies to Event Monitoring Rules: Towards Model-Driven Compliance Automation, 2006. Christopher Giblin, Samuel Müller, and Birgit Pfitzmann. http://domino.watson.ibm.com/library/CyberDig.nsf/papers/8568614878E51E9B85257205003600D7/$File/rz3662.pdf

  34. Artem Polyvyanyy Artem.Polyvyanyy@hpi.uni-potsdam.de A Study on the Level of Unstructuredness of Real World Process Models

  35. BPT Group 22 October 2009 A Study on the Level of Unstructuredness of Real World Process Models (I) … …

  36. BPT Group 22 October 2009 A Study on the Level of Unstructuredness of Real World Process Models (II) • Context: Process correctness, process structure • Task: Real-world process models capture complex execution scenarios. Often, formalization of complex scenarios results in sophisticated structural patterns in process models. Given repositories of real-world process models (SAP reference models, Oryx public process models), the task is to study the usage of unstructured control flow patterns: How often unstructured patterns happen per-model of a certain size (certain language)? Are there common unstructured patterns? How large do unstructured patterns get? What are behavioral characteristics of unstructured patterns? What heuristics exist (or propose new) for validating the correctness of unstructured patterns? • Literature: • Artem Polyvyanyy, Sergey Smirnov, and Mathias Weske. The Triconnected Abstraction of Process Models. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM). Ulm, Germany, September 2009 • Jussi Vanhatalo, Hagen Völzer, Jana Koehler: The Refined Process Structure Tree. BPM 2008: 100-115 • Ralf Laue, Jan Mendling: The Impact of Structuredness on Error Probability of Process Models. UNISCON 2008: 585-590 • Jussi Vanhatalo, Hagen Völzer, Frank Leymann: Faster and More Focused Control-Flow Analysis for Business Process Models Through SESE Decomposition. ICSOC 2007: 43-55

  37. Artem Polyvyanyy Artem.Polyvyanyy@hpi.uni-potsdam.de Obtaining Natural Language Descriptions of Process Specifications

  38. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Obtaining Natural Language Descriptions of Process Specifications (I) … … “The process fragment starts with the activity “Produce item”. Afterwards, the Quality check is performed. Upon failure of the quality check, repair damagetask is executed …”

  39. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Obtaining Natural Language Descriptions of Process Specifications (II) • Context: Process abstraction, labeling, natural language process description • Task: The structural process model decomposition (see [1]) fragments a model on sequences, blocks, and unstructured process patterns. Reuse the decomposition to define patterns for mapping formal process specifications to natural language process descriptions. How a process or a process fragment can be mapped onto its textual description based on activity labels and control flow structure? Is the reverse procedure feasible? • Literature: • Artem Polyvyanyy, Sergey Smirnov, and Mathias Weske. The Triconnected Abstraction of Process Models. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM). Ulm, Germany, September 2009 • Meziane, F., Athanasakis, N., Ananiadou, S.: Generating Natural Language Specifications from UML Class Diagrams. Requir. Eng. 13(1): 1-18 (2008) • Fliedl, G., Christian, K., Heinrich, C.M.: From Textual Scenarios to a Conceptual Schema. Data Knowl. Eng. 55(1): 20-37 (2005)

  40. Sergey Smirnov Sergey.Smirnov@hpi.uni-potsdam.de MIT Process Handbook Meets Oryx

  41. BPT Group 22 October 2009 MIT Process Handbook Meets Oryx • MIT Process Handbook • … is a process ontology • … contains ≈ 5 000 processes • … describes various relations • - part of • - generalization Oryx … a process modeling editor … web-based editor … supports collaborative modeling Oryx MIT Process Handbook advanced modeling support advanced model analysis

  42. BPT Group 22 October 2009 MIT Process Handbook Meets Oryx • Task: • introduce ontology support into Oryx by the example of the MIT Process Handbook (create the stencil set, bring the ontology content into Oryx). • Example of questions to answer: • Are there any limitations of Oryx stencil set mechanism? References: • Th. W. Malone, K. Crowston, and G. A. Herman. Organizing Business Knowledge: The MIT Process Handbook. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1st edition, September 2003 • http://bpt.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/Oryx

  43. Sergey Smirnov Sergey.Smirnov@hpi.uni-potsdam.de Linguistic Analysis of Labels inReal World Process Models

  44. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Linguistic Analysis of Labels in Real World Process Models • Models exhibit different activity labeling styles: • verb + noun (receive order) • noun + noun (confirmation of acceptance) • noun (warehouse) • verb (retire) • Variability of styles hinders model comprehension and analysis. • Problematic labels have to be 1. identified and 2. fixed. • Step 1. implies classification of labels according to labeling styles. • Step 2. requires derivation of an action and an object from the label.

  45. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Linguistic Analysis of Labels in Real World Process Models Task: develop an algorithm, which classifies activity labels according to their labeling style, and derives actions and objects from the labels Deliverables: algorithm description algorithm implementation installation and deployment instructions for the implementation

  46. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Linguistic Analysis of Labels in Real World Process Models • References: • J. Mendling, H. A. Reijers, and J. C. Recker. Activity Labeling in Process Modeling: Empirical Insights and Recommendations. Information Systems, 2009. • P. Delfmann, S. Herwig, L. Lis, and A. Stein. Eine Methode zur formalen Spezifikation und Umsetzung von Bezeichnungskonventionen für fachkonzeptionelle Informationsmodelle. In MobIS 2008, pages 23-38, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2008. • A. G. Miller. Wordnet: A lexical database for English. Communications of the ACM, 38(11):39{41, 1995. • The Stanford Natural Language Processing Group. The Stanford Parser: A Statistical Parser. http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/lex-parser.shtml, accessed on 11.08.2009. • D. Klein and Ch. D. Manning. Fast Exact Inference with a Factored Model for Natural Language Parsing. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15, pp. 3-10, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003. • The Stanford Natural Language Processing Group. Stanford Log-linear Part-Of-Speech Tagger. http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/tagger.shtml, accessed on 11.08.2009. • K. Toutanova and Ch. D. Manning. Enriching the Knowledge Sources Used in a Maximum Entropy Part-of-Speech Tagger. In Proceedings of the Joint SIGDAT Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora, pp. 63-70, 2000. • H. Schmid. TreeTagger - a Language Independent Part-of-speech Tagger. http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/corplex/TreeTagger, accessed on 11.08.2009. • C.J. Pollard, and I.A. Sag. Head Driven Phrase Structure Grammar. In University of Chicago Press, Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, London, Chicago 1994. • Berkeley FrameNet project. FrameNet. http://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu, accessed on 11.08.2009.

  47. Matthias Weidlich Matthias.Weidlich@hpi.uni-potsdam.de Deriving Behavioural Relations from Finite Prefixes of Petri net Unfoldings

  48. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Deriving Behavioural Relations from Finite Prefixes of Petri net Unfoldings

  49. BPT Group 22 October 2009 Deriving Behavioural Relations from Finite Prefixes of Petri net Unfoldings • Consistency measure based on behavioural relations: exclusiveness, strict order, concurrency, causality • How can finite prefixes be used for efficient computation of these relations? Literature: • Javier Esparza and Keijo Heljanko: Unfoldings – A Partial-Order Approach to Model Checking. Springer (2008). • M. Weidlich, J. Mendling, and M. Weske:Computation of Behavioural Profiles of Processes Models. BPT 07-2009.

  50. Matthias Weidlich Matthias.Weidlich@hpi.uni-potsdam.de Model Synthesis based on Behavioural Profiles

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